School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijng 100191, China.
ACS Nano. 2022 Nov 22;16(11):17486-17496. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05262. Epub 2022 Oct 18.
A highly mineralized biomaterial is one kind of biomaterial that usually possesses a high content of crystal minerals and hierarchical microstructure, exhibiting excellent mechanical properties to support the living body. Recent studies have revealed the presence of inorganic amorphous constituents (IAC) either during the biomineralization process or in some mature bodies, which heavily affects the formation and performance of highly mineralized biomaterials. These results are surprising given the preceding intensive research into the microstructure design of these materials. Herein, we highlight the role of IAC in highly mineralized biomaterials. We focused on summarizing works demonstrating the presence or phase transformation of IAC and discussed in detail how IAC affects the formation and performance of highly mineralized biomaterials. Furthermore, we described some imitations of highly mineralized biomaterials that use IAC as the synthetic precursor or final strengthening phase. Finally, we briefly summarized the role of IAC in biomaterials and provided an outlook on the challenges and opportunities for future IAC and IAC-containing bioinspired materials researches.
一种高度矿化的生物材料是一种通常具有高含量晶体矿物质和层次微观结构的生物材料，具有优异的机械性能以支撑生物体。最近的研究表明，在生物矿化过程中或在一些成熟的生物体中存在无机非晶成分（IAC），这对高度矿化生物材料的形成和性能有很大影响。考虑到之前对这些材料的微观结构设计进行了密集的研究，这些结果令人惊讶。本文中，我们重点介绍了 IAC 在高度矿化生物材料中的作用。我们集中总结了证明 IAC 存在或相转变的工作，并详细讨论了 IAC 如何影响高度矿化生物材料的形成和性能。此外，我们描述了一些使用 IAC 作为合成前体或最终增强相的高度矿化生物材料的模仿。最后，我们简要总结了 IAC 在生物材料中的作用，并对未来 IAC 和含 IAC 的仿生材料研究的挑战和机遇进行了展望。
