Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2022 Dec 1;456:116280. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116280. Epub 2022 Oct 17.
Pesticides are toxic and biological substances used for mitigating harmful pests. Their application in agricultural fields and homes increased environmental pollution. Studies showed their harmful effects on human health, specifically children, who are more vulnerable than adults. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has introduced several pesticides as carcinogens. This study aims to systematically summarize and review all studies related to pesticides and cancer.
This systematic review is based on PRISMA rules. Three central databases were employed to find studies on pesticide exposure and cancer correlation published from 2017 to September 2022.
After reviewing several studies, we found that most studies revealed a significant relationship between pesticide exposure and an increased cancer incidence rate. Among the most studied group of pesticides is organochlorine (OC) pesticides. OC pesticides and their residues could significantly increase cancer in children and adults. Mechanistic studies revealed that pesticides could increase the risk of different cancers by genetics, like an increased expression of some genes like p21, p53 or epigenetic impairments. Cell cycle impairments like expanding the G1 to S phase transition are another mechanism of causing cancer. DNA methylation and histone modifications increase the risk of numerous cancers.
Based on epidemiological studies, pesticides are a significant concern to human health, specifically cancer development, and should be more restrained. Their most reported mechanism of action were genetic and epigenetic impairments which cause cancers.
农药是用于减轻有害害虫的有毒和生物物质。它们在农业领域和家庭中的应用增加了环境污染。研究表明，它们对人类健康，特别是儿童，有有害影响，儿童比成年人更易受到伤害。国际癌症研究机构（IARC）已将几种农药列为致癌物。本研究旨在系统地总结和审查所有与农药和癌症相关的研究。
本系统综述基于 PRISMA 规则进行。使用三个中心数据库查找 2017 年至 2022 年 9 月期间发表的关于农药暴露与癌症相关性的研究。
在审查了几项研究后，我们发现大多数研究表明，农药暴露与癌症发病率增加之间存在显著关系。在研究最多的一组农药中，有机氯（OC）农药是研究最多的一组。OC 农药及其残留会显著增加儿童和成人患癌症的风险。机制研究表明，农药可以通过遗传增加某些基因（如 p21、p53）的表达或表观遗传损伤来增加不同癌症的风险。细胞周期损伤，如扩大 G1 到 S 期过渡，是导致癌症的另一种机制。DNA 甲基化和组蛋白修饰增加了多种癌症的风险。
基于流行病学研究，农药对人类健康，特别是癌症的发展是一个重大关切，应该加以限制。它们最常报道的作用机制是遗传和表观遗传损伤，这些损伤会导致癌症。
