Faissner Mirjam, Hartmann Kris Vera, Marcinski-Michel Isabella, Müller Regina, Weßel Merle
Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Präventivmedizin, LWL-Universitätsklinikum, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Alexandrinenstraße 1-3, 44791 Bochum, Deutschland.
Institut für Geschichte und Ethik der Medizin, Medizinische Fakultät, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
Ethik Med. 2022;34(4):669-686. doi: 10.1007/s00481-022-00724-8. Epub 2022 Oct 13.
Feminist approaches to medical ethics are well established in international discourses. By contrast, in the German-speaking medical ethical discourse, they still seem to be rather marginal. In this article, we analyze which feminist perspectives are prominent in German medical ethics and suggest new approaches.
We present our results from a systematized review of the literature, in which we identify existing feminist approaches within the German-speaking medical ethics discourse as well as research gaps. Based on the review, our preliminary research and discussions in the working group "Feminist perspectives in bio and medical ethics", we defend three hypotheses aimed at advancing the German feminist medical ethical discourse. We posit that (1) feminist medical ethics aim at (epistemic) justice, (2) feminist medical ethics are critical and context-sensitive, and (3) intersectional and postcolonial approaches within feminist medical ethics may contribute to epistemically just, critical, and context-sensitive medical ethics.
We argue that feminist perspectives should be implemented as a fundamental perspective in medical ethics because they can bring together key dimensions such as epistemically just, critical, context-sensitive, intersectional, and postcolonial thinking.
女权主义的医学伦理学方法在国际话语中已得到充分确立。相比之下，在德语区的医学伦理话语中，它们似乎仍处于边缘地位。在本文中，我们分析了哪些女权主义观点在德国医学伦理学中较为突出，并提出了新的方法。
我们展示了文献系统综述的结果，在该综述中，我们确定了德语区医学伦理话语中现有的女权主义方法以及研究空白。基于该综述、我们的初步研究以及在“生物与医学伦理学中的女权主义观点”工作组中的讨论，我们捍卫了旨在推动德国女权主义医学伦理话语发展的三个假设。我们假定：（1）女权主义医学伦理学旨在实现（认知）正义；（2）女权主义医学伦理学具有批判性且对背景敏感；（3）女权主义医学伦理学中的交叉性和后殖民方法可能有助于构建认知公正、批判性且对背景敏感的医学伦理学。
我们认为，女权主义观点应作为医学伦理学的基本观点加以应用，因为它们能够融合认知公正、批判性、对背景敏感、交叉性和后殖民思维等关键维度。
