临床伦理学原则及其在实践中的应用。
Principles of Clinical Ethics and Their Application to Practice.
机构信息
The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA,
出版信息
Med Princ Pract. 2021;30(1):17-28. doi: 10.1159/000509119. Epub 2020 Jun 4.
Abstract
An overview of ethics and clinical ethics is presented in this review. The 4 main ethical principles, that is beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice, are defined and explained. Informed consent, truth-telling, and confidentiality spring from the principle of autonomy, and each of them is discussed. In patient care situations, not infrequently, there are conflicts between ethical principles (especially between beneficence and autonomy). A four-pronged systematic approach to ethical problem-solving and several illustrative cases of conflicts are presented. Comments following the cases highlight the ethical principles involved and clarify the resolution of these conflicts. A model for patient care, with caring as its central element, that integrates ethical aspects (intertwined with professionalism) with clinical and technical expertise desired of a physician is illustrated.
摘要
本文综述了伦理学和临床伦理学。定义并解释了 4 项主要的伦理学原则，即有利、不伤害、自主和公正。知情同意、说实话和保密源于自主性原则，每个原则都进行了讨论。在患者护理情况下，伦理原则之间（尤其是有利和自主之间）经常存在冲突。提出了一种四步系统方法来解决伦理问题，并介绍了几个冲突的实例。案例后的评论强调了所涉及的伦理原则，并阐明了这些冲突的解决。展示了一种以关怀为核心的患者护理模式，将伦理方面（与专业精神交织在一起）与医生所需的临床和技术专业知识相结合。
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