Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Cornell AgriTech, Geneva, NY 14456.
New York State Integrated Pest Management Program, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456.
Plant Dis. 2023 May;107(5):1425-1432. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-08-22-1825-RE. Epub 2023 May 3.
In the absence of durable host resistance among commercial cultivars, chemical management continues to be an essential component of disease control in apple production. Apple powdery mildew, caused by the ascomycete , is largely managed with regular fungicide applications from the host phenological stages of tight cluster to terminal bud growth set, with applications typically being made in a prophylactic manner irrespective of existing disease pressure. Here we evaluated two management programs that aligned fungicide applications to specific weather thresholds conducive to powdery mildew development using a rotation of single-site fungicides and sulfur. In three separate orchards among four cultivars, we compared powdery mildew disease progression over the growing season for each of the weather factor-based programs and a typical calendar-based application program. In each year of the trial, we found that management programs with weather-based fungicide applications provided levels of disease control similar to the calendar program but required 50 to 83.3% fewer mildew-specific fungicide applications throughout the growing season. Our results provide a framework with which to evaluate future weather-based management programs for apple powdery mildew management. This knowledge could be implemented in the creation of a powdery mildew disease management decision support system to better inform and aid fungicide application programs for continued sustainable apple production in the northeast United States.
在商业品种中缺乏持久的宿主抗性的情况下，化学管理仍然是苹果生产中控制疾病的一个重要组成部分。苹果白粉病是由子囊菌引起的，主要通过在从紧簇到顶芽生长设定的宿主物候阶段定期使用杀菌剂进行管理，应用通常以预防的方式进行，而不考虑现有的疾病压力。在这里，我们评估了两种管理方案，即根据有利于白粉病发展的特定天气阈值进行杀菌剂应用，使用单一地点杀菌剂和硫磺进行轮换。在四个品种的三个单独果园中，我们比较了每个基于天气因素的方案和典型的日历应用方案在整个生长季节中白粉病的发病进展。在试验的每一年，我们发现基于天气的杀菌剂应用管理方案提供了与日历方案相似的疾病控制水平，但在整个生长季节中需要减少 50%至 83.3%的白粉病专用杀菌剂应用。我们的研究结果为评估未来的苹果白粉病基于天气的管理方案提供了一个框架。这方面的知识可以在创建白粉病疾病管理决策支持系统中得到实施，以便更好地为美国东北部的可持续苹果生产提供信息和帮助杀菌剂应用方案。
