Lv Hanlin, Liu Jie, Wang Ying, Xia Xiaomin, Li Ying, Hou Wenxue, Li Feng, Guo Lantian, Li Xue
Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Front Chem. 2022 Oct 4;10:996264. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2022.996264. eCollection 2022.
Major medical advances in antibiotics for infectious diseases have dramatically improved the quality of life and greatly increased life expectancy. Nevertheless, the widespread and inappropriate exploitation of antibacterial agents has resulted in the emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria (MDR). Consequently, the study of new drugs for the treatment of diseases associated with multi-drug-resistant bacteria and the development of new treatments are urgently needed. Inspiringly, due to the advantages of a wide antimicrobial spectrum, fast sterilization, low resistance, and little damage to host tissues and normal flora, antibacterial photodynamic therapy (APDT), which is based on the interaction between light and a nontoxic photosensitizer (PS) concentrated at the lesion site to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), has become one of the most promising antibacterial strategies. Recently, a burgeoning APDT based on a variety of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) such as PS and near-infrared (NIR) light has been fully integrated in antibacterial applications and achieved excellent performances. Meanwhile, conjugated nanoparticles have been frequently reported in UCNP design, including surface-modified PS conjugates, antibiotic-PS conjugates, and dual or multiple antibacterial modal PS conjugates. This article provides an overview of the state-of-the-art design and bactericidal effects of UCNPs and their based APDTs. The first part discusses the design and mechanisms for UCNPs currently implemented in biomedicine. The second part focuses on the applications and antimicrobial effects of diverse APDT based on UCNPs in antibacterial-related infectious diseases.
抗生素在治疗传染病方面取得的重大医学进展显著提高了生活质量，大幅延长了预期寿命。然而，抗菌药物的广泛和不当使用导致了多重耐药菌（MDR）的出现。因此，迫切需要研究治疗与多重耐药菌相关疾病的新药并开发新的治疗方法。令人鼓舞的是，基于光与无毒光敏剂（PS）在病变部位相互作用产生活性氧（ROS）的抗菌光动力疗法（APDT），由于其抗菌谱广、杀菌快、耐药性低以及对宿主组织和正常菌群损伤小等优点，已成为最有前景的抗菌策略之一。最近，基于各种上转换纳米颗粒（UCNP）如PS和近红外（NIR）光的新兴APDT已完全融入抗菌应用并取得了优异的性能。同时，共轭纳米颗粒在UCNP设计中经常被报道，包括表面修饰的PS共轭物、抗生素-PS共轭物以及双模态或多模态抗菌PS共轭物。本文概述了UCNP及其基于APDT的最新设计和杀菌效果。第一部分讨论了目前在生物医学中应用的UCNP的设计和机制。第二部分重点介绍了基于UCNP的各种APDT在抗菌相关传染病中的应用和抗菌效果。
