Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
Nanoscale. 2022 May 19;14(19):7123-7136. doi: 10.1039/d2nr00343k.
Research in the field of nano-optics is advancing by leaps and bounds, among which near-infrared (NIR) light optics have attracted much attention. NIR light has a longer wavelength than visible light, such that it can avoid shielding caused by biological tissues. This advantage has driven its importance and practicality in human treatment applications and has attracted significant attention from researchers in academia and industry. In the broad spectrum of infrared light wavelengths, the most noticeable ones are the NIR biological window I of 700-900 nm and window II of 1000-1700 nm. Luminescent materials can effectively cover the NIR biological window with different doping strategies. These doped elements are mostly transition elements with multielectron orbitals. Several nanomaterials based on narrow-spectrum lanthanides have been developed to correspond to biological applications of different wavelengths. However, this review explicitly introduces the absorption and reflection/luminescence interactions between NIR light and biological tissues independently. Unlike the adjustment of the wavelength of the lanthanide series, this review analyzes the NIR optical properties of the fourth-period element ions in transition elements (such as Cr and Ni). These elements have a broadband wavelength of NIR light emission and higher quantum efficiency, corresponding to the absorption and emission spectrum and photobiological absorption of different NIR windows for therapeutic diagnosis. Finally, this review lists and explores other broadband NIR phosphors and has tried to discover the possibility of non-invasive precision medicine in the future.
纳米光学领域的研究正在突飞猛进，其中近红外（NIR）光学受到了广泛关注。NIR 光的波长比可见光长，因此可以避免生物组织的屏蔽。这一优势使其在人类治疗应用中的重要性和实用性得到了提升，并引起了学术界和工业界研究人员的极大关注。在红外光的广泛光谱中，最引人注目的是 NIR 生物窗口 I（700-900nm）和窗口 II（1000-1700nm）。发光材料可以通过不同的掺杂策略有效地覆盖 NIR 生物窗口。这些掺杂元素大多是具有多电子轨道的过渡元素。已经开发了几种基于窄光谱镧系元素的纳米材料，以对应不同波长的生物应用。然而，这篇综述明确地独立介绍了 NIR 光与生物组织之间的吸收和反射/发光相互作用。与镧系元素波长的调整不同，这篇综述分析了过渡元素（如 Cr 和 Ni）中第四周期元素离子的 NIR 光学性质。这些元素具有宽带的 NIR 光发射和更高的量子效率，对应于不同 NIR 窗口的吸收和发射光谱以及不同的光生物吸收，用于治疗诊断。最后，本综述列出并探讨了其他宽带 NIR 荧光粉，并试图发现未来非侵入性精准医学的可能性。
