Centro de Desarrollo Humano Sostenible, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Front Public Health. 2022 Oct 6;10:1016353. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1016353. eCollection 2022.
This paper identifies varying contemporary and dynamic effects of socio-economic factors on individuals' decisions to allocate their time to physical activities when the intensity of these activities comes into play.
Based on repeated cross-sectional data sourced from the Argentinean National Risk Factor Surveys of 2005, 2009, and 2013, we developed 18 fictitious cohorts to set up a pseudo panel. To address endogeneity problems, four econometric specifications were estimated: OLS, Heckman two-stage model, fixed- and random-effects models.
We find that changes in the opportunity cost of time are highly significant and provide shifts in individuals' decisions regarding the allocation of their time to physical activity consumption. When considering the intensity at which physical activities are consumed, increased income impacts less, suggesting that individuals faced with a wage increase reduce the time of consumption but increase its intensity. An interesting finding is that employed people consume more physical activity than inactive individuals. This indicates that the substitution effect produced by an increase in the wage rate is less than the income effect. Additionally, the increase in the coefficient of employed persons is greater when the intensity factor is considered, indicating that for employed individuals a trade-off between time and intensity is generated. We also found that higher levels of education increase the probability of participating in physical activities, but decrease the time spent in such activities. Furthermore, there are heterogeneous impacts on physical activity consumption between males and females, which can be observed in the strong effect of household production for women with at least one child. Finally, such impacts remain in a variety of estimated specifications.
These results may be useful in order to suggest some tools for the design of interventions that are aimed at increasing participation in physical activities.
本文旨在探讨社会经济因素对个体分配时间进行体育活动的决策的当代动态影响，这些活动的强度也包含在内。
本研究基于阿根廷 2005 年、2009 年和 2013 年国家风险因素调查的重复横截面数据，构建了 18 个虚构队列以建立一个伪面板。为了解决内生性问题，我们估计了四种计量经济学模型：OLS、Heckman 两阶段模型、固定效应和随机效应模型。
我们发现，时间机会成本的变化具有高度显著性，并为个体在分配时间进行体育活动消费方面的决策提供了转变。当考虑到体育活动的消耗强度时，收入的增加影响较小，表明面对工资增长，个体减少了消费时间，但增加了消费强度。一个有趣的发现是，就业人员比不活跃个体消耗更多的体育活动。这表明，工资率增加产生的替代效应小于收入效应。此外，当考虑强度因素时，就业人员系数的增加更大，表明对于就业个体来说，时间和强度之间产生了权衡。我们还发现，较高的教育水平增加了参与体育活动的概率，但减少了参与体育活动的时间。此外，男女之间的体育活动消费存在异质性影响，这可以从至少有一个孩子的女性家庭生产的强烈效应中观察到。最后，这些影响在各种估计模型中仍然存在。
这些结果对于提出旨在提高体育活动参与度的干预措施设计工具可能是有用的。
