Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
Molecular Cellular and Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Nov;119(44):e2123427119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2123427119. Epub 2022 Oct 24.
Sleep is assumed to be a unitary, global state in humans and most other animals that is coordinated by executive centers in the brain stem, hypothalamus, and basal forebrain. However, the common observation of unihemispheric sleep in birds and marine mammals, as well as the recently discovered nonpathological regional sleep in rodents, calls into question whether the whole human brain might also typically exhibit different states between brain areas at the same time. We analyzed sleep states independently from simultaneously recorded hippocampal depth electrodes and cortical scalp electrodes in eight human subjects who were implanted with depth electrodes for pharmacologically intractable epilepsy evaluation. We found that the neocortex and hippocampus could be in nonsimultaneous states, on average, one-third of the night and that the hippocampus often led in asynchronous state transitions. Nonsimultaneous bout lengths varied from 30 s to over 30 min. These results call into question the conclusions of studies, across phylogeny, that measure only surface cortical state but seek to assess the functions and drivers of sleep states throughout the brain.
睡眠被认为是人类和大多数其他动物的一种单一的、全球性的状态，由脑干、下丘脑和基底前脑的执行中枢协调。然而，鸟类和海洋哺乳动物中单侧睡眠的常见观察，以及最近发现的啮齿动物中无病理性的区域性睡眠，使人质疑整个人类大脑是否也可能同时在不同的脑区表现出不同的状态。我们分析了 8 名接受深度电极植入以进行药物难治性癫痫评估的患者的睡眠状态，这些患者的海马深度电极和皮质头皮电极同时记录。我们发现，大脑皮层和海马体平均有三分之一的时间处于非同步状态，而且海马体经常在异步状态转换中起主导作用。非同步发作持续时间从 30 秒到 30 多分钟不等。这些结果对跨进化谱系的研究提出了质疑，这些研究只测量表面皮层状态，但试图评估整个大脑的睡眠状态的功能和驱动因素。
