Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL, USA.
Ageing Res Rev. 2022 Dec;82:101768. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101768. Epub 2022 Oct 22.
The prevalence of eye diseases increases considerably with age, resulting in significant vision impairment. Although the pathobiology of age-related eye diseases has been studied extensively, the contribution of immune-related changes due to aging remains elusive. In the eye, tissue-resident cells and infiltrating immune cells regulate innate responses during injury or infection. But due to aging, these cells lose their protective functions and acquire pathological phenotypes. Thus, dysregulated ocular innate immunity in the elderly increases the susceptibility and severity of eye diseases. Herein, we emphasize the impact of aging on the ocular innate immune system in the pathogenesis of infectious and non-infectious eye diseases. We discuss the role of age-related alterations in cellular metabolism, epigenetics, and cellular senescence as mechanisms underlying altered innate immune functions. Finally, we describe approaches to restore protective innate immune functions in the aging eye. Overall, the review summarizes our current understanding of innate immune functions in eye diseases and their dysregulation during aging.
随着年龄的增长，眼部疾病的患病率显著增加，导致视力严重受损。尽管与年龄相关的眼部疾病的病理生物学已得到广泛研究，但由于衰老引起的免疫相关变化的贡献仍难以捉摸。在眼睛中，组织驻留细胞和浸润免疫细胞在损伤或感染期间调节先天反应。但是，由于衰老，这些细胞丧失了其保护功能并获得了病理性表型。因此，老年人中失调的眼部先天免疫会增加眼部疾病的易感性和严重程度。在此，我们强调了衰老对感染性和非感染性眼部疾病发病机制中眼先天免疫系统的影响。我们讨论了细胞代谢、表观遗传学和细胞衰老相关改变在改变先天免疫功能中的作用。最后，我们描述了恢复衰老眼中保护性先天免疫功能的方法。总的来说，该综述总结了我们目前对眼部疾病中先天免疫功能及其在衰老过程中失调的理解。
