Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2022;192(1):281-307. doi: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.08.004. Epub 2022 Oct 3.
The bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain has come up very fascinating in recent years. Many studies have reported that the onset of gastrointestinal issues appears long before the actual manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD) symptoms. Disturbances in the gut-brain axis have been found to be linked with PD. PD-linked neuropathological changes in the enteric nervous system and significant alteration of gut microbiota suggest a vital role of gut microbiota in PD pathogenesis. Studies have also suggested that aggregation of α-synuclein, one of the major proteins associated with PD neuropathology, might start from the gut and move to the central nervous system (CNS) through the vagus nerve and olfactory bulb. Inflammation in the gut has been suggested to be associated with PD initiation and progression. The flushing out of healthy gut microbiota and replacing with pathogens induces gut inflammation and promotes neuroinflammation in the CNS. Therefore, it is intriguing to understand the mechanism of gut-brain communications associated with the development of PD. This review sheds light on the PD pathology, the gut dysbiosis that is associated with PD and its medications, altered gene expression, pathways and microbial metabolites during PD.
近年来，肠道和大脑之间的双向交流引起了极大的关注。许多研究报告指出，胃肠道问题的出现远早于帕金森病（PD）症状的实际表现。研究发现，肠道-大脑轴的紊乱与 PD 有关。在肠道神经系统中发现与 PD 相关的神经病理学变化和肠道微生物组的显著改变，提示肠道微生物组在 PD 发病机制中起着重要作用。研究还表明，与 PD 神经病理学相关的主要蛋白质之一α-突触核蛋白的聚集可能首先从肠道开始，通过迷走神经和嗅球转移到中枢神经系统（CNS）。肠道炎症与 PD 的发生和进展有关。清除健康的肠道微生物组并替换病原体，会引发肠道炎症，并促进中枢神经系统的神经炎症。因此，了解与 PD 发展相关的肠道-大脑通讯的机制是很有趣的。这篇综述介绍了 PD 病理学、与 PD 相关的肠道菌群失调及其药物治疗、PD 期间基因表达、途径和微生物代谢物的改变。
