5-17 岁儿童在哪里接种 COVID-19 疫苗？美国随时间和社会人口特征的变化。
Where are children ages 5-17 years receiving their COVID-19 vaccinations? Variations over time and by sociodemographic characteristics, United States.
机构信息
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities (NCBDDD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, NE Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
出版信息
Vaccine. 2022 Nov 15;40(48):6917-6923. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.025. Epub 2022 Oct 20.
BACKGROUND
Knowing the settings where children ages 5-17 years received COVID-19 vaccination in the United States, and how settings changed over time and varied by socio-demographics, is of interest for planning and implementing vaccination programs.
METHODS
Data from the National Immunization Survey-Child COVID-19 Module (NIS-CCM) were analyzed to assess place of COVID-19 vaccination among vaccinated children ages 5-17 years. Interviews from July 2021 thru May 2022 were included in the analyses for a total of n = 39,286 vaccinated children. The percentage of children receiving their COVID-19 vaccine at each type of setting was calculated overall, by sociodemographic characteristics, and by month of receipt of COVID-19 vaccine.
RESULTS
Among vaccinated children ages 5-11 years, 46.9 % were vaccinated at a medical place, 37.1 % at a pharmacy, 8.1 % at a school, 4.7 % at a mass vaccination site, and 3.2 % at some other non-medical place. Among vaccinated children ages 12-17 years, 35.1 % were vaccinated at a medical place, 47.9 % at a pharmacy, 8.3 % at a mass vaccination site, 4.8 % at a school, and 4.0 % at some other non-medical place. The place varied by time among children ages 12-17 years but minimally for children ages 5-11 years. There was variability in the place of COVID-19 vaccination by age, race/ethnicity, health insurance, urbanicity, and region.
CONCLUSION
Children ages 5-17 years predominantly received their COVID-19 vaccinations at pharmacies and medical places. The large proportion of vaccinated children receiving vaccination at pharmacies is indicative of the success in the United States of expanding the available settings where children could be vaccinated. Medical places continue to play a large role in vaccinating children, especially younger children, and should continue to stock COVID-19 vaccine to keep it available for those who are not yet vaccinated, including the newly recommended group of children < 5 years.
背景
了解美国 5-17 岁儿童接种 COVID-19 疫苗的场所，以及这些场所如何随时间变化以及因社会人口统计学特征而变化，对于规划和实施疫苗接种计划很有意义。
方法
利用国家免疫调查-儿童 COVID-19 模块（NIS-CCM）的数据，评估接种 COVID-19 疫苗的 5-17 岁儿童的接种地点。分析了 2021 年 7 月至 2022 年 5 月期间进行的访谈，共纳入 n=39286 名接种疫苗的儿童。总体上，按社会人口统计学特征和 COVID-19 疫苗接种月份，计算了每种类型接种点接种的儿童比例。
结果
在接种疫苗的 5-11 岁儿童中，46.9%在医疗场所接种，37.1%在药房接种，8.1%在学校接种，4.7%在大规模接种点接种，3.2%在其他非医疗场所接种。在接种疫苗的 12-17 岁儿童中，35.1%在医疗场所接种，47.9%在药房接种，8.3%在大规模接种点接种，4.8%在学校接种，4.0%在其他非医疗场所接种。在 12-17 岁儿童中，不同时间接种地点不同，但在 5-11 岁儿童中差异极小。不同年龄、种族/民族、医疗保险、城市人口密度和地区的 COVID-19 疫苗接种地点存在差异。
结论
5-17 岁儿童主要在药房和医疗场所接种 COVID-19 疫苗。在美国，扩大儿童可接种疫苗的场所数量取得了巨大成功，大量接种疫苗的儿童在药房接种疫苗，这表明这一成果显著。医疗场所继续在为儿童接种疫苗方面发挥重要作用，尤其是为年幼的儿童，并且应继续储备 COVID-19 疫苗，为尚未接种疫苗的儿童提供疫苗，包括新推荐的 5 岁以下儿童群体。
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