2010 - 11年至2013 - 14年流感季节美国儿童流感疫苗接种地点
Place of influenza vaccination among children--United States, 2010-11 through 2013-14 influenza seasons.
作者信息
Santibanez Tammy A, Vogt Tara M, Zhai Yusheng, McIntyre Anne F
机构信息
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, United States.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, United States.
出版信息
Vaccine. 2016 Mar 4;34(10):1296-303. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.01.032. Epub 2016 Feb 2.
BACKGROUND
Studies are published on settings adults receive influenza vaccination but few have reported on settings children are vaccinated and how this might be changing over time or vary by socio-demographics.
METHODS
Data from the National Immunization Survey-Flu were analyzed to assess place of influenza vaccination among vaccinated children 6 months-17 years during the 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13, and 2013-14 influenza seasons. The percentage of children vaccinated at each place was calculated overall and by age, race/ethnicity, income, and Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA).
RESULTS
The places children received influenza vaccination varied little over four recent influenza seasons. From the 2010-11 through 2013-14 influenza seasons the percentage of vaccinated children receiving influenza vaccination at a doctor's office was 64.1%, 65.1%, 65.3%, and 65.3%, respectively with no differences from one season to the next. Likewise, for vaccination at clinics or health centers (17.8%, 17.5%, 17.0%. 18.0%), health departments (3.2%, 3.6%, 3.0%, 2.8%), and other non-medical places (1.6%, 1.4%, 1.2%, 1.1%), there were no differences from one season to the next. There were some differences for vaccinations at hospitals, pharmacies, and schools. There was considerable variability in the place of influenza vaccination by age, race/ethnicity, income, and MSA. Fewer Hispanic children were vaccinated at a doctor's office than black, white, and other or multiple race children and fewer black children and children of other or multiple races were vaccinated at a doctor's office than white children. More children at or below the poverty level were vaccinated at a clinic or health center than all of the other income groups.
CONCLUSION
Most vaccinated children receive their influenza vaccination at a doctor's office. Place of vaccination changed little over four recent influenza seasons. Large variability in place of vaccination exists by age, race/ethnicity, income, and MSA. Monitoring place of vaccination can help shape future immunization programs.
背景
已有关于成人接种流感疫苗场所的研究发表，但很少有报告涉及儿童接种疫苗的场所，以及这可能如何随时间变化或因社会人口统计学特征而异。
方法
对来自国家流感免疫调查的数据进行分析，以评估2010 - 11、2011 - 12、2012 - 13和2013 - 14流感季节中6个月至17岁已接种疫苗儿童的流感疫苗接种地点。计算每个地点接种疫苗儿童的总体百分比，并按年龄、种族/族裔、收入和大都市统计区（MSA）进行计算。
结果
在最近四个流感季节中，儿童接种流感疫苗的地点变化不大。从2010 - 11到2013 - 14流感季节，在医生办公室接种流感疫苗的儿童百分比分别为64.1%、65.1%、65.3%和65.3%，各季节之间无差异。同样，在诊所或健康中心接种疫苗的比例（17.8%、17.5%、17.0%、18.0%）、在卫生部门接种的比例（3.2%、3.6%、3.0%、2.8%）以及在其他非医疗场所接种的比例（1.6%、1.4%、1.2%、1.1%），各季节之间也无差异。在医院、药房和学校接种疫苗存在一些差异。流感疫苗接种地点在年龄、种族/族裔、收入和大都市统计区方面存在相当大的差异。在医生办公室接种疫苗的西班牙裔儿童少于黑人、白人以及其他或多种族儿童，在医生办公室接种疫苗的黑人儿童和其他或多种族儿童少于白人儿童。与所有其他收入组相比，处于或低于贫困水平的儿童在诊所或健康中心接种疫苗的更多。
结论
大多数已接种疫苗的儿童在医生办公室接种流感疫苗。在最近四个流感季节中，接种地点变化不大。接种地点在年龄、种族/族裔、收入和大都市统计区方面存在很大差异。监测接种地点有助于制定未来的免疫规划。
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