Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Oct 21;101(42):e31037. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000031037.
There is a lack of evidence and consensus in terms of the association between dietary intake of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) with mental health. By using 24-hours urinary samples as the gold standard method, we conducted a study to explore the association between dietary intake of Na and K with parameters of mental health including depression, anxiety, and stress among an Iranian population diagnosed with migraine. In the present study, 262 subjects (20-50 years old), with a confirmed diagnosis of migraine were enrolled. Mental health was investigated by the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21) questionnaire. Dietary intake of Na and K was estimated by means of a 24-hour urine sample. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was implemented and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was stated. After controlling for potential confounders, the 24-hour urinary Na was associated significantly with the risk of depression (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.30, 1.00; P = .053). After adjustment for confounders, those in the highest tertile of the 24-hour urinary Na/K ratio had lower odds for having depression (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.93; P = .027), and marginally significantly lower risk of anxiety (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.31, 1.06; P = .079) and stress (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.31, 1.02; P = .061). In conclusion, higher 24-hour urine Na was associated with a significantly lower risk of depression. Moreover, the 24-hour Na/K ratio was significantly associated with lower risk of depression, anxiety, and stress.
目前，钠（Na）和钾（K）的饮食摄入量与心理健康之间的关联证据和共识不足。本研究采用 24 小时尿液样本作为金标准方法，旨在探讨伊朗偏头痛患者的饮食 Na 和 K 摄入量与心理健康参数（包括抑郁、焦虑和压力）之间的关系。本研究共纳入 262 名（20-50 岁）确诊偏头痛患者。采用抑郁、焦虑和压力量表（DASS-21）问卷评估心理健康状况。通过 24 小时尿液样本评估 Na 和 K 的饮食摄入量。采用多变量逻辑回归分析，给出比值比（OR）及其 95%置信区间（CI）。在控制潜在混杂因素后，24 小时尿 Na 与抑郁风险显著相关（OR=0.55，95%CI：0.30，1.00；P=0.053）。调整混杂因素后，24 小时尿 Na/K 比值最高 tertile 的患者抑郁发生的可能性较低（OR=0.54，95%CI：0.31，0.93；P=0.027），焦虑（OR=0.58，95%CI：0.31，1.06；P=0.079）和压力（OR=0.56，95%CI：0.31，1.02；P=0.061）的风险也有下降趋势。总之，较高的 24 小时尿 Na 与抑郁风险显著降低相关。此外，24 小时尿 Na/K 比值与抑郁、焦虑和压力的风险降低显著相关。
