Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Sahid-Erabi St, Yemen St, Chamran Exp, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Eur J Med Res. 2021 Jan 6;26(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s40001-020-00476-5.
Current evidence regarding the prognostic relevance of urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio (Na-to-K ratio), as an indicator of diet quality is limited. This study was conducted to investigate whether urinary Na-to-K ratio could be related to habitual dietary patterns, in a general population.
This study was conducted in the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2014-2017) on 1864 adult men and women. Urinary Na and K concentrations were measured in the morning spot urine samples. Dietary intakes of the participants were assessed using a validated 147-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and major dietary patterns were obtained using principal component analysis. Mediterranean dietary pattern and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, were also calculated. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression was used to indicate association of dietary patterns and urinary Na-to-K ratio.
Mean (± SD) age of participants was 43.7 ± 13.9 years and 47% were men. Mean (± SD) urinary Na, K and the ratio was 139 ± 41.0 and 57.9 ± 18.6 mmol/L, 2.40 ± 0.07, respectively. Higher urinary Na-to-K ratio (> 2.37 vs. < 1.49) was related to lower intakes of vegetables (282 vs. 321 g/day), low-fat dairy (228 vs. 260 g/day) and fruits (440 vs. 370 g/day). Western dietary pattern was related to higher urinary Na-to-K ratio (β = 0.06; 95% CI 0.01, 0.16). Traditional dietary pattern, Mediterranean and DASH diet scores were inversely associated with urinary Na-to-K ratio (β = - 0.14; 95% CI - 0.24, - 0.11, β = - 0.07; 95% CI - 0.09, - 0.01, β = - 0.12; 95% CI - 0.05, - 0.02, respectively).
Spot urinary Na-to-K ratio may be used as a simple and inexpensive method to monitor diet quality in population-based epidemiological studies.
目前，关于尿钠钾比（Na-to-K 比）作为饮食质量指标的预后相关性的证据有限。本研究旨在探讨尿钠钾比是否与一般人群的习惯性饮食模式有关。
本研究是在德黑兰血脂和血糖研究（2014-2017 年）的框架内进行的，共有 1864 名成年男女参加。在清晨的随机尿样中测量尿钠和钾的浓度。使用经过验证的 147 项食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估参与者的饮食摄入量，并使用主成分分析获得主要饮食模式。还计算了地中海饮食模式和停止高血压的饮食方法（DASH）评分。使用多变量调整线性回归来表示饮食模式与尿钠钾比的关系。
参与者的平均（±标准差）年龄为 43.7±13.9 岁，其中 47%为男性。平均（±标准差）尿钠、钾和比值分别为 139±41.0、57.9±18.6mmol/L 和 2.40±0.07。尿钠钾比（>2.37 与 <1.49）较高与蔬菜（282 与 321 g/天）、低脂乳制品（228 与 260 g/天）和水果（440 与 370 g/天）的摄入量较低有关。西方饮食模式与较高的尿钠钾比有关（β=0.06；95%CI 0.01，0.16）。传统饮食模式、地中海饮食和 DASH 饮食评分与尿钠钾比呈负相关（β=-0.14；95%CI-0.24，-0.11，β=-0.07；95%CI-0.09，-0.01，β=-0.12；95%CI-0.05，-0.02）。
尿钠钾比可作为监测基于人群的流行病学研究中饮食质量的简单、廉价方法。
