Fishbein D B, Arcangeli S
Postgrad Med. 1987 Sep 1;82(3):83-90, 93-5. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1987.11699951.
Although most physicians in the United States have not seen a person with rabies, the primary care physician is often confronted with a patient who has been bitten by an animal capable of transmitting rabies virus. Rabies is almost always transmitted by a bite; licks and other nonbite exposures hardly ever cause the disease. The control of rabies in domestic animals has greatly reduced the risk of human disease following the bite of a dog or cat, but rabies in wild animals (especially skunks and raccoons) remains a constant threat. By obtaining epidemiologic information about animal rabies in the area where the exposure occurred, the physician can determine whether the animal in question may have been rabid. If any question remains, owned dogs and cats should be observed for ten days and any other animal should be killed and its brain examined for rabies virus. When postexposure prophylaxis is indicated, it should be administered exactly as recommended herein.
尽管美国大多数医生未曾见过狂犬病患者，但初级保健医生常常会遇到被能够传播狂犬病病毒的动物咬伤的患者。狂犬病几乎总是通过咬伤传播；舔舐和其他非咬伤暴露极少引发该病。家畜狂犬病的防控已大大降低了被狗或猫咬伤后人类患病的风险，但野生动物（尤其是臭鼬和浣熊）身上的狂犬病仍然是一个持续存在的威胁。通过获取暴露发生地区动物狂犬病的流行病学信息，医生可以确定相关动物是否可能患有狂犬病。如果仍有疑问，对家养的狗和猫应观察十天，其他任何动物都应捕杀并检查其脑部是否存在狂犬病病毒。当需要进行暴露后预防时，应严格按照本文推荐的方法进行给药。
