千禧一代医学生处于十字路口：对学习和未来职业的动机与态度——一项混合方法研究。

Millennials Medical Students Generation at the Crosswalks: Motivations and Attitudes Towards Study and Future Career - A Mixed-Method Study.

作者信息

Gillissen Adrian, Kochanek Tonja, Zupanic Michaela, Ehlers Jan P

机构信息

Institute for Didactics and Educational Research in Health Care, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.

Interprofessional and Collaborative Didactics in Medicine- and Health professions, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.

出版信息

Adv Med Educ Pract. 2022 Oct 17;13:1305-1319. doi: 10.2147/AMEP.S368128. eCollection 2022.

DOI:10.2147/AMEP.S368128

PMID:36281458

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9587722/

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to investigate in the millennium medical student generation the influence of the curriculum (problem-based curriculum [PBC] vs science-based curriculum [SBC]), gender and semester level on medical students' motives to study medicine, their attitudes toward their career and in this regard their view about their study condition in university.

METHODS

Semi-structured qualitative interviews with 28 medical students were performed and analyzed using Mayring's content analysis. Based on these results, a quantitative questionnaire for a nationwide survey was developed using a mixed-method-approach and send to most medical faculties in Germany. Data from n=1053 students entered statistical analysis.

RESULTS

Humanistic ideals prevailed in the choice to enter medical school and to become a physician. PBC students were found to be significantly (p<0.001) more idealistic and patient oriented, and they regard their curriculum more competitive than SBC-students (p<0.001). A balanced work and family life is essential for all students but particularly important for the PBC - group, male and undergraduate students. The majority of students wanted to work with patients and omitted patient-distant line of work. Undergraduate SBC-students saw their studies as old-fashioned citing lack of patient contact (p<0.001 compared to PBC), which eased in the graduate study part.

CONCLUSION

This study found major differences in student's perceptions depending on curriculum type. PBC-students were more idealistic, and humanistic ideals prevailed in comparison to SBC. For both, close patient contact is essential in their training. Particularly for female students, lifestyle factors and a balanced work-life-integration outweigh career ambitiousness. This study offers an important insight to policy makers and educators to understand the motivation and perceptions of the millennial student generation regarding their studies and future career plans, which should be considered in educational policies.

摘要

背景与目的

本研究旨在调查千禧一代医学生中，课程设置（基于问题的课程 [PBC] 与基于科学的课程 [SBC]）、性别和学期水平对医学生学医动机、职业态度以及他们对大学学习条件看法的影响。

方法

对28名医学生进行了半结构化定性访谈，并采用迈林的内容分析法进行分析。基于这些结果，采用混合方法设计了一份用于全国性调查的定量问卷，并发送给德国的大多数医学院系。来自1053名学生的数据进入统计分析。

结果

人文理想在选择进入医学院和成为医生方面占主导地位。发现PBC课程的学生明显更具理想主义且以患者为导向，并且他们认为自己的课程比SBC课程的学生更具竞争力（p<0.001）。平衡的工作和家庭生活对所有学生都至关重要，但对PBC组、男生和本科生尤为重要。大多数学生希望与患者一起工作，而避开远离患者的工作领域。本科SBC课程的学生认为他们的学习方式过时，理由是缺乏与患者的接触（与PBC相比，p<0.001），而在研究生学习阶段这种情况有所缓解。

结论

本研究发现，学生的认知因课程类型存在重大差异。与SBC相比，PBC课程的学生更具理想主义，人文理想占主导地位。对两者而言，在培训中密切的患者接触至关重要。特别是对于女学生来说，生活方式因素和平衡的工作与生活融合比职业抱负更为重要。本研究为政策制定者和教育工作者提供了重要见解，有助于他们理解千禧一代学生对学习和未来职业规划的动机和认知，这些应在教育政策中予以考虑。