Muñoz-Rivas Marina J, Redondo Natalia, Olmos Ricardo, Ronzón-Tirado Román
Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Social Psychology and Methodology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
J Adolesc. 2023 Jan;95(1):170-180. doi: 10.1002/jad.12108. Epub 2022 Oct 25.
Intimate partner violence research and intervention strategies have grown substantially over the last two decades. However, little research has examined whether the intimate partner prevalence has changed or remained stable over time in Spain. Moreover, few studies have analyzed whether intimate partner violence prevalence rates among genders and age groups have fluctuated similarly or not.
The aim of this study was to analyze the trends observed in intimate partner violence perpetration and victimization rates among adolescents in three sample cohorts from Spain interviewed in 2006, 2010, and 2016 (4591 Spanish adolescents; 53.6% girls and 46.2% boys). ANCOVA was used to compare the population means between the cohorts: sex, age, and the type of intimate partner violence, for example, verbal, physical, and sexual.
The results showed a significant decrease in intimate partner violence rates from 2006 to 2016, which was more noticeable within the first half of this decade. Throughout the decade, the girls perpetrated more verbal and mild physical assaults, while the boys perpetrated more sexual assaults. However, these results suggest a clear bidirectional intimate partner violence dynamic between the genders. Additionally, late adolescence reported a higher prevalence of aggressions.
The results highlight the need to adapt current prevention strategies considering the differences in the intimate partner violence trajectories based on sex and age, with the aim of regaining the marked rate of decline in aggression observed up to 2010.
在过去二十年中，亲密伴侣暴力研究及干预策略有了显著发展。然而，在西班牙，很少有研究探讨亲密伴侣暴力的发生率随时间推移是如何变化的，是保持稳定还是有所改变。此外，几乎没有研究分析过不同性别和年龄组的亲密伴侣暴力发生率波动情况是否相似。
本研究旨在分析2006年、2010年和2016年接受访谈的三个西班牙样本队列中的青少年亲密伴侣暴力实施率和受害率的变化趋势（共4591名西班牙青少年；女孩占53.6%，男孩占46.2%）。采用协方差分析来比较各队列之间的总体均值：性别、年龄以及亲密伴侣暴力的类型，例如言语暴力、身体暴力和性暴力。
结果显示，2006年至2016年亲密伴侣暴力发生率显著下降，在这十年的前半期更为明显。在整个十年中，女孩实施的言语暴力和轻度身体攻击更多，而男孩实施的性暴力更多。然而，这些结果表明两性之间存在明显的双向亲密伴侣暴力动态。此外，青春期后期的攻击行为发生率更高。
研究结果凸显了根据性别和年龄在亲密伴侣暴力轨迹上的差异调整当前预防策略的必要性，目的是恢复到2010年之前观察到的显著下降的攻击率。
