Gerstorf Denis, Ram Nilam, Drewelies Johanna, Duezel Sandra, Eibich Peter, Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth, Liebig Stefan, Goebel Jan, Demuth Ilja, Villringer Arno, Wagner Gert G, Lindenberger Ulman, Ghisletta Paolo
Department of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin.
German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), German Institute for Economic Research (DIW), Berlin, Germany.
Psychol Sci. 2023 Jan;34(1):22-34. doi: 10.1177/09567976221118541. Epub 2022 Oct 25.
History-graded increases in older adults' levels of cognitive performance are well documented, but little is known about historical shifts in within-person change: cognitive decline and onset of decline. We combined harmonized perceptual-motor speed data from independent samples recruited in 1990 and 2010 to obtain 2,008 age-matched longitudinal observations ( = 78 years, 50% women) from 228 participants in the Berlin Aging Study (BASE) and 583 participants in the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II). We used nonlinear growth models that orthogonalized within- and between-person age effects and controlled for retest effects. At age 78, the later-born BASE-II cohort substantially outperformed the earlier-born BASE cohort ( = 1.20; 25 years of age difference). Age trajectories, however, were parallel, and there was no evidence of cohort differences in the amount or rate of decline and the onset of decline. Cognitive functioning has shifted to higher levels, but cognitive decline in old age appears to proceed similarly as it did two decades ago.
老年人认知表现水平随时间推移的增长已有充分记录，但关于个体内部变化的历史转变，即认知衰退和衰退的开始，我们却知之甚少。我们整合了1990年和2010年招募的独立样本中协调一致的感知运动速度数据，从柏林衰老研究（BASE）的228名参与者和柏林衰老研究II（BASE-II）的583名参与者中获得了2008个年龄匹配的纵向观察数据（平均年龄 = 78岁，50%为女性）。我们使用了非线性增长模型，该模型使个体内部和个体之间的年龄效应正交，并控制了重测效应。在78岁时，较晚出生的BASE-II队列的表现明显优于较早出生的BASE队列（效应量 = 1.20；年龄差25岁）。然而，年龄轨迹是平行的，没有证据表明队列在衰退量、衰退率和衰退开始方面存在差异。认知功能已转移到更高水平，但老年人的认知衰退似乎与二十年前相似。
