Euromov, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
Aging Ment Health. 2024 Sep;28(9):1294-1303. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2320135. Epub 2024 Feb 27.
The present study examined how activity engagement mediates the association between personality and cognition.
Participants were middle-aged and older adults (Age range: 24-93 years; > 16,000) from the Midlife in the United States Study, the Health and Retirement Study, the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, and the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study of Aging. In each sample, personality traits and demographic factors were assessed at baseline, engagement in cognitive, physical, and social activities was assessed in a second wave, and cognition was measured in a third wave, 8 to 20 years later.
Random-effect meta-analyses indicated that lower neuroticism and higher extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness were prospectively associated with better cognition. Most of these associations were partly mediated by greater engagement in physical and cognitive activities but not social activities. Physical activity accounted for 7% (neuroticism) to 50% (extraversion) and cognitive activity accounted for 14% (neuroticism) to 45% (extraversion) of the association with cognition.
The present study provides replicable evidence that physical and cognitive activities partly mediate the prospective association between personality traits and cognitive functioning.
本研究旨在探讨活动参与如何在个性与认知之间的关系中起中介作用。
参与者为来自美国中年研究、健康与退休研究、英国老龄化纵向研究和威斯康星州老龄化纵向研究的中年和老年人（年龄范围：24-93 岁；>16000 人）。在每个样本中，个性特征和人口统计学因素在基线时进行评估，认知、身体和社会活动的参与度在第二次评估时进行评估，而认知则在 8 至 20 年后的第三次评估中进行评估。
随机效应荟萃分析表明，较低的神经质和较高的外向性、开放性和尽责性与更好的认知能力呈前瞻性相关。这些关联中的大多数部分是通过更多地参与身体和认知活动而不是社会活动来介导的。身体活动解释了与认知相关的 7%（神经质）至 50%（外向性），认知活动解释了与认知相关的 14%（神经质）至 45%（外向性）。
本研究提供了可重复的证据，表明身体和认知活动部分中介了个性特征与认知功能之间的前瞻性关联。
