Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
Eur J Nutr. 2023 Mar;62(2):847-856. doi: 10.1007/s00394-022-03035-2. Epub 2022 Oct 25.
The aim was to study the associations between dietary intake of fatty acids in childhood and the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes (T1D).
The prospective Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Study included children with genetic susceptibility to T1D born between 1996 and 2004. Participants were followed up every 3 to 12 months up to 6 years for diet, islet autoantibodies, and T1D. Dietary intake of several fatty acids at the age of 3 months to 6 years was assessed 1-8 times per participant with a 3-day food record. Joint models adjusted for energy intake, sex, HLA genotype and familial diabetes were used to investigate the associations of longitudinal intake of fatty acids and the development of islet autoimmunity and T1D.
During the 6-year follow-up, 247 (4.4%) children of 5626 developed islet autoimmunity and 94 (1.7%) children of 5674 developed T1D. Higher intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.47, 0.82), arachidonic acid (0.69; 0.50, 0.94), total n-3 fatty acids (0.64; 0.48, 0.84), and long-chain n-3 fatty acids (0.14; 0.04, 0.43), was associated with a decreased risk of islet autoimmunity with and without energy adjustment. Higher intake of total fat (0.73; 0.53, 0.98), and saturated fatty acids (0.55; 0.33, 0.90) was associated with a decreased risk of T1D only when energy adjusted.
Intake of several fatty acids was associated with a decreased risk of islet autoimmunity or T1D among high-risk children. Our findings support the idea that dietary factors, including n-3 fatty acids, may play a role in the disease process of T1D.
研究儿童时期脂肪酸的饮食摄入与胰岛自身免疫和 1 型糖尿病（T1D）风险之间的关联。
前瞻性芬兰 1 型糖尿病预测与预防（DIPP）研究纳入了 1996 年至 2004 年间出生的具有 T1D 遗传易感性的儿童。参与者在 6 年内每 3 至 12 个月接受一次随访，以评估饮食、胰岛自身抗体和 T1D。在 3 个月至 6 岁时，通过 3 天的食物记录，1 至 8 次评估每个参与者的多种脂肪酸的饮食摄入情况。联合模型调整了能量摄入、性别、HLA 基因型和家族性糖尿病，以研究脂肪酸的纵向摄入与胰岛自身免疫和 T1D 发展之间的关系。
在 6 年的随访期间，5626 名儿童中有 247 名（4.4%）发生了胰岛自身免疫，5674 名儿童中有 94 名（1.7%）发生了 T1D。较高的单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）摄入（HR 0.63；95%CI 0.47，0.82）、花生四烯酸（ARA）摄入（0.69；0.50，0.94）、总 n-3 脂肪酸摄入（0.64；0.48，0.84）和长链 n-3 脂肪酸摄入（0.14；0.04，0.43）与未调整能量摄入和调整能量摄入时的胰岛自身免疫风险降低相关。较高的总脂肪（0.73；0.53，0.98）和饱和脂肪酸（0.55；0.33，0.90）摄入仅与调整能量摄入时的 T1D 风险降低相关。
高危儿童中，几种脂肪酸的摄入与胰岛自身免疫或 T1D 的风险降低相关。我们的研究结果支持这样一种观点，即饮食因素，包括 n-3 脂肪酸，可能在 T1D 的发病过程中发挥作用。
