mixture ameliorated type 2 diabetes mellitus and altered intestinal microbiota in mice.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease mainly caused by insufficient insulin secretion and insulin resistance. In addition, T2DM is often accompanied by dysregulation of lipid metabolism and inflammatory response. The effect of oral administration of a mixture (SVM) on T2DM mice was evaluated. The results showed that SVM intervention could change body weight and glucose/lipid metabolism-related indicators. In addition, it can also improve the level of inflammatory factors to play a protective role in the pancreas and the jejunum. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that SVM intervention significantly altered the intestinal microbiota in mice, elevating the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, , , and , and decreasing the relative abundances of Firmicutes, , , and in the feces of diabetic mice, compared with the model group. Moreover, the functional modules of fatty acid degradation, glycerolipid metabolism, purine metabolism, histidine metabolism, folate biosynthesis, GABAergic synapse, were regulated by SVM intervention in T2DM mice. Additionally, integrative correlation analysis revealed that the representative intestinal microbes in response to SVM intervention in diabetic mice were markedly related to glucose/lipid metabolism-related indicators ( blood glucose, insulin resistance, lipid indexes, and inflammatory factors). Hence, these findings suggest that the SVM could modulate the structure, abundance, and function of intestinal microbiota to potentially ameliorate T2DM and its complications ( hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and inflammation) in mice.