Shah A, Holmes N
Psychol Med. 1987 Aug;17(3):763-74. doi: 10.1017/s003329170002599x.
The patterns of daily living, occupation and leisure activities, skills, behaviour and the structure and organization of living units were assessed for 2 groups of mentally handicapped adults, first in a large hospital and second, a year later in the new local units to which they were transferred. Similar assessments were carried out for individually matched control subjects who remained in the large hospital. For the less severely handicapped, more sociable residents who moved to an NHS hostel in the community, there were significant improvements on several of these measures. For the more severely handicapped, socially aloof people who moved to a ward in a small converted hospital in the district from which they had originally come, some changes on the environmental measures were found, but on the whole the unit was run along similar lines to the wards of the large hospital. There was little change in the pattern of the residents' day to day life. The controls who remained in the large hospital experienced very little change in environmental and life-style measures. The discussion focuses on the interaction between environmental factors and the handicaps of the individuals, and the influence of this interaction upon quality of care and life-style. The study was carried out during the early stages of the rundown to closure of the large mental handicap hospital.
对两组成年智障者的日常生活模式、职业与休闲活动、技能、行为以及居住单元的结构和组织进行了评估。第一组在一家大型医院进行评估，第二组在一年后他们被转至的新地方单元进行评估。对留在大型医院的个体匹配对照受试者也进行了类似评估。对于那些不太严重残疾、更善于社交且搬到社区国民保健服务宿舍的居民，在其中几项评估指标上有显著改善。对于那些严重残疾、社交冷漠且搬回他们原来所在地区一家小型改造医院病房的人，在环境评估指标上发现了一些变化，但总体而言，该单元的运营方式与大型医院的病房类似。居民的日常生活模式几乎没有变化。留在大型医院的对照受试者在环境和生活方式指标方面几乎没有变化。讨论聚焦于环境因素与个体残疾之间的相互作用，以及这种相互作用对护理质量和生活方式的影响。该研究是在大型智障医院逐步关闭的早期阶段进行的。
