Locker D, Rao B, Weddell J M
J Ment Defic Res. 1984 Sep;28 ( Pt 3):189-98. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1984.tb01010.x.
While community care for mentally handicapped adults has been received enthusiastically, there have been few attempts to evaluate this form of care. This paper reports a study of two hostels for mentally handicapped adults. By employing an experimental research design, it aimed to test the hypothesis that small, community based residences provide an environment in which individuals can acquire the skills necessary for independent living. Using Gunzberg's Progress Assessment Charts as an indicator, the residents of one hostel achieved significant improvements in the areas of self-help, communication, socialization and occupation over the year following admission. A group of matched controls living at home showed no such improvements, and a group of matched controls living in hospital showed a less certain and less dramatic improvement. A small group of people living in a second hostel also showed significant gains in social competence. The paper also discusses problems in the design and implementation of experimental studies in this field.
虽然为成年智障者提供的社区照料受到了热烈欢迎，但对这种照料形式进行评估的尝试却很少。本文报告了一项针对两所成年智障者宿舍的研究。通过采用实验性研究设计，其目的是检验这样一个假设，即小型的、基于社区的住所能够提供一种环境，使个人能够获得独立生活所需的技能。以贡兹伯格的进步评估图表作为指标，一所宿舍的居民在入住后的一年里，在自助、沟通、社交和职业技能方面都取得了显著进步。一组在家居住的匹配对照组没有出现这样的进步，而一组住院的匹配对照组的进步则不太确定且不那么显著。住在另一所宿舍的一小群人在社交能力方面也有显著提高。本文还讨论了该领域实验研究在设计和实施过程中存在的问题。
