College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
Toxins (Basel). 2022 Sep 27;14(10):670. doi: 10.3390/toxins14100670.
Aflatoxins B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) are the three most prevalent mycotoxins, whose contamination of food and feed is a severe worldwide problem. In order to alleviate the toxic effects of multi-mycotoxins (AFB1 + DON + ZEA, ADZ) on inflammation and apoptosis in swine jejunal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2), three species of probiotics (, and at 1 × 10 CFU/mL, respectively) were mixed together to make compound probiotics (CP), which were further combined with 400 μg/mL of glycyrrhinic acid (GA) to make bioactive materials (CGA). The experiment was divided into four groups, i.e., the control, ADZ, CGA and ADZ + CGA groups. The results showed that ADZ decreased cell viability and induced cytotoxicity, while CGA addition could alleviate ADZ-induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, the mRNA expressions of IL-8, TNF-α, NF-Κb, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-1 and ASCT2 genes, and protein expressions of TNF-α and Claudin-1 were significantly upregulated in ADZ group; while the mRNA abundances of IL-8, TNF-α, NF-Κb, Caspase-3, ASCT2 genes, and protein expressions of TNF-α and Claudin-1 were significantly downregulated in the ADZ + CGA group. In addition, the protein expressions of COX-2, ZO-1, and ASCT2 were significantly downregulated in the ADZ group, compared with the control group; whereas CGA co-incubation with ADZ could increase these protein expressions to recover to normal levels. This study indicated that CGA could alleviate cytotoxicity, apoptosis and inflammation in ADZ-induced IPEC-J2 cells and protect intestinal cell integrity from ADZ damages.
黄曲霉毒素 B1 (AFB1)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 (DON) 和玉米赤霉烯酮 (ZEA) 是三种最常见的霉菌毒素，其在食品和饲料中的污染是一个严重的全球性问题。为了减轻多霉菌毒素 (AFB1 + DON + ZEA，ADZ) 对猪空肠上皮细胞 (IPEC-J2) 炎症和凋亡的毒性作用，将三种益生菌 (、和，浓度均为 1×10 CFU/mL) 混合在一起制成复合益生菌 (CP)，并进一步与 400μg/mL 的甘草酸 (GA) 结合制成生物活性物质 (CGA)。实验分为对照组、ADZ 组、CGA 组和 ADZ+CGA 组。结果表明，ADZ 降低了细胞活力并诱导了细胞毒性，而 CGA 的添加可以减轻 ADZ 诱导的细胞毒性。此外，ADZ 组中 IL-8、TNF-α、NF-Κb、Bcl-2、Caspase-3、ZO-1、Occludin、Claudin-1 和 ASCT2 基因的 mRNA 表达以及 TNF-α 和 Claudin-1 的蛋白表达均显著上调；而 ADZ+CGA 组中 IL-8、TNF-α、NF-Κb、Caspase-3、ASCT2 基因的 mRNA 丰度以及 TNF-α 和 Claudin-1 的蛋白表达均显著下调。此外，与对照组相比，ADZ 组中 COX-2、ZO-1 和 ASCT2 的蛋白表达显著下调；而 CGA 与 ADZ 共同孵育可以增加这些蛋白的表达，使其恢复到正常水平。本研究表明，CGA 可以减轻 ADZ 诱导的 IPEC-J2 细胞的细胞毒性、凋亡和炎症，并保护肠道细胞免受 ADZ 损伤。
