Bordeaux Poison Control Centre, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire Bordeaux Pellegrin, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
Medical Biology Department, Hôpital d'Instruction Des Armées Bégin, 94160 Saint-Mandé, France.
Toxins (Basel). 2022 Oct 21;14(10):719. doi: 10.3390/toxins14100719.
Sixty-seven scorpion species have been described in France and its territories, where they have been found to be heterogeneously distributed. Indeed, only one species can be found on Réunion Island, while 38 species exist in French Guiana. The number of stings is also heterogenous, with up to 90 stings per 100,000 inhabitants occurring annually. Scorpion species can frequently be determined through simple visual factors, including species of medical importance (i.e., and ). Scorpion venom is composed of local enzymes and peptides with a cysteine-stabilized α/β motif (NaTxs, Ktxs, Calcines), which allow for venom diffusion and the prey's incapacitation, respectively. Harmful scorpion species are limited to in the French West Indies, which can induce severe envenoming, and the and in French Guiana, which can cause fatalities in children and can induce severe envenoming, respectively. Envenomation by one of these scorpions requires hospital monitoring as long as systemic symptoms persist. Typical management includes the use of a lidocaine patch, pain killers, and local antiseptic. In the case of heart failure, the use of dobutamine can improve survival, and pregnant women must consult an obstetrician because of the elevated risk of preterm birth or stillbirth. France does not have scorpion antivenom, as scorpion stings are generally not fatal.
法国及其领土上共描述了 67 种蝎子，它们的分布具有异质性。事实上，留尼汪岛上只有 1 种蝎子，而法属圭亚那有 38 种。蜇伤的数量也存在异质性，每年每 10 万人中多达 90 次蜇伤。通过简单的视觉因素，如具有医学重要性的物种（即 和 ），可以经常确定蝎子的种类。蝎子毒液由局部酶和半胱氨酸稳定的 α/β 模体（NaTxs、Ktxs、Calcines）组成的肽组成，分别允许毒液扩散和使猎物丧失能力。在法属西印度群岛，只有 种蝎子会引起严重的中毒，而在法属圭亚那， 和 会导致儿童死亡，并分别引起严重的中毒。只要系统性症状持续存在，就需要对这些蝎子之一的蜇伤进行医院监测。典型的治疗方法包括使用利多卡因贴片、止痛药和局部防腐剂。如果出现心力衰竭，可以使用多巴酚丁胺来提高存活率，并且孕妇必须咨询产科医生，因为早产或死产的风险增加。法国没有蝎子抗毒液，因为蝎子蜇伤一般不会致命。
