Palomares Roberto A
Group for Reproduction in Animals, Vaccinology & Infectious Diseases (GRAVID™), Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Rd, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Oct 19;12(20):2839. doi: 10.3390/ani12202839.
Trace minerals (TM) play an important role in cattle immunity, health and performance. Although TM are needed in small quantities, they are fundamental for enzymes involved in antioxidant protection against cellular damage and several pathways of the immune response. Cattle TM status results from the balance between TM dietary intake and their requirements. Free-choice oral TM supplementation is a common practice in beef cattle production systems. However, there is a high variation in TM intake and thus TM status and bioavailability in animals receiving free-choice oral TM supplements. Strategic pulse-dose supplementation during critical points of beef cattle management provides a controlled amount of TM intended to remove such a variation. Adequate TM supplementation should not only satisfy the basal requirements but also provide a source of TM when there is a higher demand of the antioxidant systems or during the development of the immune response. This paper reviews the research-based evidence of the effects of TM supplementation on immunity and its impact on beef cattle health. This review highlights the benefits of a novel approach of strategic administration of injectable trace minerals (Se, Zn, Cu and Mn) during critical episodes of cattle management (e.g., around weaning or at vaccination) in combination with free-choice oral supplementation to maintain adequate TM and oxidative status, enhanced immunity and overall cattle health. This strategy has proven to decrease morbidity, which would positively impact the productivity of the beef cattle systems.
微量矿物质（TM）在牛的免疫力、健康和生产性能方面发挥着重要作用。尽管对微量矿物质的需求量很少，但它们对于参与抗氧化保护以防止细胞损伤以及免疫反应的多种途径的酶来说至关重要。牛的微量矿物质状况取决于日粮中微量矿物质的摄入量与其需求量之间的平衡。自由采食口服补充微量矿物质是肉牛生产系统中的常见做法。然而，在接受自由采食口服微量矿物质补充剂的动物中，微量矿物质的摄入量、微量矿物质状况和生物利用率存在很大差异。在肉牛管理的关键点进行战略性脉冲剂量补充可提供可控量的微量矿物质，以消除这种差异。充足的微量矿物质补充不仅应满足基本需求，还应在抗氧化系统需求较高或免疫反应发生时提供微量矿物质来源。本文综述了关于微量矿物质补充对免疫力的影响及其对肉牛健康的影响的基于研究的证据。本综述强调了一种新方法的益处，即在牛管理的关键时期（例如，断奶前后或接种疫苗时），将注射用微量矿物质（硒、锌、铜和锰）的战略性给药与自由采食口服补充相结合，以维持充足的微量矿物质和氧化状态、增强免疫力以及牛的整体健康。这一策略已被证明可降低发病率，这将对肉牛系统的生产力产生积极影响。
