Bettendorff Lucien
Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Sep 22;11(10):1877. doi: 10.3390/antiox11101877.
In the present review, which is aimed at researchers, teachers and students in life sciences, we try to show how the physicochemical properties of the elements and molecules define the concept of redox balance. Living organism are open systems traversed by fluxes of energy and matter. During catabolic oxidative metabolism, matter-mostly hydrogenated organic molecules-is oxidized and ultimately released as CO. Electrons are passed over to coupling molecules, such as NAD+ and FAD, whose reduced forms serve as electrons donors in anabolic reactions. Early photosynthetic activity led to the accumulation of O and the transformation of the reduction to an oxidizing atmosphere, favoring the development of oxidative metabolism in living organisms. We focus on the specific properties of O that provide the chemical energy for the combustion reactions occurring in living cells. We explain the concepts of redox potential and redox balance in complex systems such as living cells, we present the main redox couples involved in cellular redox balance and we discuss the chemical properties underlying their cellular roles and, in particular, their antioxidant properties in the defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Finally, we try to provide an integrative view emphasizing the interplay between metabolism, oxidative stress and metabolic compartmentation in mammalian cells.
在本综述中，我们面向生命科学领域的研究人员、教师和学生，试图展示元素和分子的物理化学性质如何定义氧化还原平衡的概念。生物体是能量和物质流动贯穿其中的开放系统。在分解代谢的氧化代谢过程中，物质——主要是氢化有机分子——被氧化并最终以二氧化碳的形式释放。电子传递给诸如NAD⁺和FAD等偶联分子，它们的还原形式在合成代谢反应中作为电子供体。早期的光合作用活动导致了氧气的积累以及还原环境向氧化环境的转变，这有利于生物体内氧化代谢的发展。我们关注氧气的特殊性质，它为活细胞中发生的燃烧反应提供化学能量。我们解释了活细胞等复杂系统中的氧化还原电位和氧化还原平衡的概念，介绍了参与细胞氧化还原平衡的主要氧化还原偶联，并讨论了它们在细胞中发挥作用的化学性质，特别是它们在抵御活性氧（ROS）方面的抗氧化特性。最后，我们试图提供一个综合观点，强调哺乳动物细胞中代谢、氧化应激和代谢区室化之间的相互作用。
