Dual-Color Fluorescent Hydrogel Microspheres Combined with Smartphones for Visual Detection of Lactate.

Since it is difficult for human eyes to distinguish between two identical colors with only <15% variation in brightness, mono-color fluorescent hydrogel microspheres have some limitations in the detection of lactate. Herein, we prepared novel dual-color fluorescent hydrogel microspheres, which can achieve hue transformation. Microspheres were prepared by introducing a fluorescent nanoparticle as the reference signal while CdTe QDs were used as the response signal. We used smartphones with image processing software to collect and analyze data. In this way, the signal of lactate was converted to RGB (red, green, and blue) values, which can be quantitatively read. Within 10 to 1500 μM, the R/G values of the microspheres had a linear relationship with the logarithm of the lactate concentration. Moreover, color cards for lactate detection were prepared, from which the color change and concentration of lactate could be easily read by the naked eye. It is worth mentioning that this method was successfully applied to screen patients with hyperlactatemia.