Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
Biomolecules. 2022 Oct 12;12(10):1462. doi: 10.3390/biom12101462.
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating cannabinoid compound with diverse molecular targets and potential therapeutic effects, including effects relevant to the treatment of psychiatric disorders. In this scoping review, we sought to determine the extent to which sex and gender have been considered as potential moderators of the neuropsychiatric effects and pharmacokinetics of CBD. In this case, 300 articles were screened, retrieved from searches in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, PsycInfo and CINAHL, though only 12 met our eligibility criteria: eight studies in preclinical models and four studies in humans. Among the preclinical studies, three suggested that sex may influence long-term effects of gestational or adolescent exposure to CBD; two found no impact of sex on CBD modulation of addiction-relevant effects of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC); two found antidepressant-like effects of CBD in males only; and one found greater plasma and liver CBD concentrations in females compared to males. Among the human studies, two found no sex difference in CBD pharmacokinetics in patient samples, one found greater plasma CBD concentrations in healthy females compared to males, and one found no evidence of sex differences in the effects of CBD on responses to trauma recall in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). No studies were identified that considered the role of gender in CBD treatment effects. We discuss potential implications and current limitations of the existing literature.
大麻二酚（CBD）是一种非成瘾性的大麻素化合物，具有多种分子靶点和潜在的治疗效果，包括与治疗精神疾病相关的效果。在本次范围性综述中，我们旨在确定在多大程度上，性别被认为是 CBD 的神经精神作用和药代动力学的潜在调节剂。在这种情况下，我们从 PubMed/Medline、Scopus、Google Scholar、PsycInfo 和 CINAHL 中搜索筛选了 300 篇文章，但只有 12 篇符合我们的入选标准：8 项在临床前模型中的研究和 4 项在人类中的研究。在临床前研究中，有三项研究表明，性别可能会影响妊娠期或青春期接触 CBD 的长期影响；两项研究发现，性别对 CBD 调节 Δ⁹-四氢大麻酚（THC）相关成瘾作用没有影响；两项研究发现 CBD 具有抗抑郁作用，仅在男性中发现；一项研究发现，与男性相比，女性的 CBD 血浆和肝脏浓度更高。在人类研究中，两项研究发现患者样本中 CBD 的药代动力学无性别差异，一项研究发现健康女性的 CBD 血浆浓度高于男性，一项研究发现 CBD 对创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）患者创伤回忆反应的影响没有性别差异的证据。没有研究考虑到 CBD 治疗效果中的性别作用。我们讨论了现有文献的潜在影响和当前的局限性。
