Lorenz Anna, Kozłowski Mateusz, Lenkiewicz Sebastian, Kwiatkowski Sebastian, Cymbaluk-Płoska Aneta
Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 Oct 19;14(20):5123. doi: 10.3390/cancers14205123.
Cutaneous melanoma is a relatively common neoplasm, with fairly well understood pathogenesis, risk factors, prognosis and therapeutic protocols. The incidence of this disease is increasing every year. The situation is different for rare malignancies such as vulvar melanomas and for the even rarer vaginal melanomas. The risk factors for vulvovaginal tumors are not fully understood. The basis of treatment in both cases is surgical resection; however, other types of treatments such as immunotherapy are available. This paper focuses on comparing the pathogenesis and risk factors associated with these neoplasms as well as the efficacy of two groups of drugs-anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA4 inhibitors-against both cutaneous melanoma and melanoma of the lower genital tract (vulva and vagina). In the case of cutaneous melanoma, the situation looks more optimistic than for vulvovaginal melanoma, which has a much worse prognosis and, as it turns out, shows a poorer response to immune therapy.
皮肤黑色素瘤是一种相对常见的肿瘤，其发病机制、危险因素、预后及治疗方案已较为明确。该疾病的发病率逐年上升。对于外阴黑色素瘤等罕见恶性肿瘤以及更为罕见的阴道黑色素瘤来说，情况则有所不同。外阴阴道肿瘤的危险因素尚未完全明确。这两种情况的治疗基础都是手术切除；然而，也有其他类型的治疗方法，如免疫疗法。本文重点比较与这些肿瘤相关的发病机制和危险因素，以及两组药物——抗程序性死亡受体配体1（anti-PD-L1）和抗细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关蛋白4（anti-CTLA4）抑制剂——对皮肤黑色素瘤和下生殖道（外阴和阴道）黑色素瘤的疗效。就皮肤黑色素瘤而言，情况看起来比外阴阴道黑色素瘤更为乐观，后者预后要差得多，而且事实证明，其对免疫治疗的反应也较差。
