Farquhar J
Soc Sci Med. 1987;24(12):1013-21. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(87)90017-7.
This study begins by criticizing the epistemological approach in medical anthropology to non-western medical knowledge and practice, arguing that implicit western dichotomies (especially those of theory and practice, reality and symbol) tend to be inappropriately imposed. It then examines some approaches to knowledge and practice in contemporary Chinese discourse on 'traditional' medicine, focussing particularly on recent use of the term 'epistemology' in Maoist writing and in professional commentaries on medicine. Commonalities between medical uses of yin and yang and Maoist dialectics are explored, and the Maoist concept of essence (benzhi) is found to be important in medicine as well. It appears that though theory and practice are beginning to be drawn apart by some practitioners in the PRC, the classic texts that are still in use and the practical experience of senior Chinese doctors act as important constraints on the development of western style epistemological dualities in medical knowledge.
本研究首先批判了医学人类学中针对非西方医学知识与实践的认识论方法，认为西方隐含的二元对立（尤其是理论与实践、现实与象征的二元对立）往往被不适当地强加。接着，研究考察了当代中国关于“传统”医学的话语中一些知识与实践的方法，特别关注“认识论”一词在毛泽东著作以及医学专业评论中的近期使用情况。探讨了阴阳在医学应用与毛泽东辩证法之间的共性，发现毛泽东的本质（本质）概念在医学中也很重要。尽管在中国一些从业者开始将理论与实践区分开来，但仍在使用的经典文本以及资深中医的实践经验对医学知识中西方风格的认识论二元论发展起到了重要的制约作用。
