Department of Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 1 Miecznikowa Street, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
Botanic Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 4 Al. Ujazdowskie Street, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Oct 12;23(20):12173. doi: 10.3390/ijms232012173.
The interplay between steroids and triterpenoids, compounds sharing the same biosynthetic pathway but exerting distinctive functions, is an important part of the defense strategy of plants, and includes metabolic modifications triggered by stress hormones such as jasmonic acid. Two experimental models, hairy root cultures and greenhouse cultivated plants (pot plants), were applied for the investigation of the effects of exogenously applied jasmonic acid on the biosynthesis and accumulation of steroids and triterpenoids, characterized by targeted GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy) metabolomic profiling. Jasmonic acid elicitation strongly increased triterpenoid saponin production in hairy root cultures (up to 86-fold) and their release to the medium (up to 533-fold), whereas the effect observed in pot plants was less remarkable (two-fold enhancement of saponin biosynthesis after a single foliar application). In both models, the increase of triterpenoid biosynthesis was coupled with hampering the biomass formation and modifying the sterol content, involving stigmasterol-to-sitosterol ratio, and the proportions between ester and glycoside conjugates. The study revealed that various organs in the same plant can react differently to jasmonic acid elicitation; hairy root cultures are a useful in vitro model to track metabolic changes, and enhanced glycosylation (of both triterpenoids and sterols) seems to be important strategy in plant defense response.
甾体和三萜类化合物之间的相互作用，这两种化合物具有相同的生物合成途径，但具有不同的功能，是植物防御策略的重要组成部分，包括应激激素（如茉莉酸）触发的代谢修饰。我们应用了两种实验模型，即毛状根培养物和温室栽培植物（盆栽植物），来研究外源茉莉酸对甾体和三萜类化合物生物合成和积累的影响，其特征是采用靶向 GC-MS（气相色谱-质谱）代谢组学分析。茉莉酸激发强烈增加了毛状根培养物中三萜皂苷的产生（高达 86 倍）及其向培养基中的释放（高达 533 倍），而在盆栽植物中观察到的效果则不那么显著（单次叶面喷施后皂苷生物合成增加两倍）。在这两种模型中，三萜类化合物生物合成的增加与阻碍生物量形成和改变甾醇含量有关，涉及豆甾醇 - 谷甾醇的比例，以及酯和糖苷缀合物之间的比例。研究表明，同一植物的不同器官对茉莉酸激发的反应不同；毛状根培养物是一种有用的体外模型，可以跟踪代谢变化，而增强的糖基化（三萜类化合物和甾醇）似乎是植物防御反应的重要策略。
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