Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Oct 20;23(20):12622. doi: 10.3390/ijms232012622.
Retinoids are natural and synthetic vitamin A derivatives that are effective for the prevention and the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). NMSCs constitute a heterogenous group of non-melanocyte-derived skin cancers that impose substantial burdens on patients and healthcare systems. They include entities such as basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (collectively called keratinocyte carcinomas), cutaneous lymphomas and Kaposi's sarcoma among others. The retinoid signaling pathway plays influential roles in skin physiology and pathology. These compounds regulate diverse biological processes within the skin, including proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis and immune regulation. Collectively, retinoids can suppress skin carcinogenesis. Both topical and systemic retinoids have been investigated in clinical trials as NMSC prophylactics and treatments. Desirable efficacy and tolerability in clinical trials have prompted health regulatory bodies to approve the use of retinoids for NMSC management. Acceptable off-label uses of these compounds as drugs for skin cancers are also described. This review is a comprehensive outline on the biochemistry of retinoids, their activities in the skin, their effects on cancer cells and their adoption in clinical practice.
类视黄醇是天然和合成的维生素 A 衍生物，对预防和治疗非黑素瘤皮肤癌 (NMSC) 有效。NMSC 由一组异质性的非黑素细胞来源的皮肤癌组成，给患者和医疗保健系统带来了巨大负担。它们包括基底细胞癌和皮肤鳞状细胞癌（统称为角质形成细胞癌）、皮肤淋巴瘤和卡波西肉瘤等。类视黄醇信号通路在皮肤生理和病理中发挥着重要作用。这些化合物调节皮肤内的多种生物学过程，包括增殖、分化、血管生成和免疫调节。类视黄醇可以抑制皮肤癌变。局部和全身类视黄醇已在临床试验中作为 NMSC 的预防和治疗药物进行了研究。临床试验中令人满意的疗效和耐受性促使卫生监管机构批准将类视黄醇用于 NMSC 管理。这些化合物作为皮肤癌药物的可接受的标签外用途也有描述。这篇综述是关于类视黄醇的生物化学、它们在皮肤中的活性、它们对癌细胞的影响以及它们在临床实践中的应用的综合概述。
