中美两国青年性别差异压力、亲密伴侣暴力态度和施暴行为的比较分析
A Comparative Analysis of Gender Discrepancy Stress, Attitudes toward Intimate Partner Violence, and Perpetration among Young Adults in the USA and Uganda.
机构信息
Wellstar College of Health and Human Services, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA.
American College of Medical Toxicology, Phoenix, AZ 85028, USA.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 17;19(20):13373. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192013373.
BACKGROUND
There is a dearth of data on the modifiable factors that contribute to violence in low- and middle-income countries, including attitudes regarding intimate partner violence (IPV) and perceptions of gender identity. We examined these factors using a cross-cultural comparison between young adults in Uganda and the United States.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was distributed to young adults aged 18 to 25 in Uganda (n = 300) and the U.S. (n = 300). Survey questions assessed demographics, attitudes toward IPV, IPV victimization and perpetration, gender discrepancy, discrepancy stress, and alcohol use. We conducted chi-square tests, as well as bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses, separately for participants in each country.
RESULTS
The prevalence of IPV perpetration differed significantly by country for men (58.06% in the U.S. vs. 42.73% in Uganda; = 0.03) and women (40.00% in the U.S. vs. 14.00% in Uganda; < 0.01). IPV victimization differed by country for men (67.74% in the U.S. vs. 51.82% in Uganda; = 0.02) but not for women. Gender discrepancy and discrepancy stress also varied by country and by sex and were higher in the U.S. for both men and women. IPV victimization was a common risk factor for adults in both Uganda (Adj. OR = 23.47; 95% CI: 7.79, 70.22) and the U.S. (Adj. OR = 27.40; 95% CI: 9.97, 75.32). In Uganda, male sex was significantly associated with IPV perpetration in multivariable analyses (Adj. OR = 6.23; 95% CI: 2.45, 15.86), and so were IPV attitudes (Adj. OR = 2.22; 1.20, 4.10). In the U.S., a likely alcohol use disorder (AUD) was also significantly associated with IPV perpetration (Adj. OR = 7.11; 95% CI: 2.25, 22.54).
CONCLUSIONS
Permissive IPV attitudes were associated with IPV perpetration among Ugandan participants, while likely AUD was associated with perpetration in U.S.
PARTICIPANTS
Overall, IPV perpetration was significantly higher for U.S. males compared with Ugandan males. These findings indicate that cultural adaptations to global IPV interventions may be necessary to respond to differing needs in different countries.
背景
在中低收入国家，导致暴力的可改变因素的数据很少，包括对亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的态度和对性别认同的看法。我们使用乌干达和美国的年轻人进行了跨文化比较来研究这些因素。
方法
对 18 至 25 岁的乌干达（n=300）和美国（n=300）年轻人进行了横断面调查。调查问卷评估了人口统计学、对 IPV 的态度、IPV 受害和施暴、性别差异、差异压力和酒精使用情况。我们分别对每个国家的参与者进行了卡方检验，以及单变量和多变量逻辑回归分析。
结果
男性的 IPV 施暴率因国家而异（美国为 58.06%，乌干达为 42.73%；=0.03），女性的 IPV 施暴率因国家而异（美国为 40.00%，乌干达为 14.00%；<0.01）。男性的 IPV 受害率因国家而异（美国为 67.74%，乌干达为 51.82%；=0.02），但女性的 IPV 受害率却没有。性别差异和差异压力也因国家、性别而异，美国的男女差异都更大。IPV 受害是乌干达（调整后的 OR=23.47；95%CI：7.79，70.22）和美国（调整后的 OR=27.40；95%CI：9.97，75.32）成年人的常见危险因素。在多变量分析中，男性的性别的与乌干达的 IPV 施暴显著相关（调整后的 OR=6.23；95%CI：2.45，15.86），而 IPV 态度也是如此（调整后的 OR=2.22；1.20，4.10）。在美国，可能的酒精使用障碍（AUD）也与 IPV 施暴显著相关（调整后的 OR=7.11；95%CI：2.25，22.54）。
结论
乌干达参与者中，宽容的 IPV 态度与 IPV 施暴有关，而美国参与者中，可能的 AUD 与施暴有关。
参与者
总的来说，美国男性的 IPV 施暴率明显高于乌干达男性。这些发现表明，为了应对不同国家的不同需求，可能需要对全球 IPV 干预措施进行文化调整。
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