Section of Occupational Medicine and Labor Law, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy.
Department of Woman, Child & Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 8;19(15):9739. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159739.
In complex systems such as hospitals, work organization can influence the level of occupational stress and, consequently, the physical and mental health of workers. Hospital healthcare workers were asked to complete a questionnaire during their regular occupational health examination, in order to assess the perceived level of organizational justice, and to verify whether it was associated with occupational stress, mental health, and absenteeism. The questionnaire included the Colquitt Organizational Justice (OJ) Scale, the Karasek/Theorell demand-control-support (DCS) questionnaire for occupational stress, and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12) for mental health. Workers were also required to indicate whether they had been absent because of back pain in the past year. Organizational justice was a significant predictor of occupational stress. Stress was a mediator in the relationship between justice and mental health. Occupational stress was more closely related to perceptions of lack of distributive justice than to perceptions of procedural, informational, and interpersonal justice. Physicians perceived significantly less distributive justice than other workers. In adjusted univariate logistic regression models, the perceptions of organizational justice were associated with a significant reduction in the risk of sick leave for back pain (OR 0.96; CI95% 0.94−0.99; p < 0.001), whereas occupational stress was associated with an increased risk of sick leave (OR 6.73; CI95% 2.02−22.40; p < 0.002). Work organization is a strong predictor of occupational stress and of mental and physical health among hospital employees.
在医院等复杂系统中，工作组织方式会影响职业压力水平，进而影响工作人员的身心健康。医院的医护人员在常规职业健康检查期间完成了一份问卷，以评估他们感知到的组织公正性水平，并确定其是否与职业压力、心理健康和旷工有关。问卷包括考奎特组织公正（OJ）量表、卡拉克和索雷尔职业压力需求-控制-支持（DCS）问卷，以及一般健康问卷（GHQ12）评估心理健康。工作人员还需报告过去一年中是否因背痛而缺勤。组织公正是职业压力的一个重要预测因素。压力是公正性与心理健康之间关系的中介因素。与程序公正、信息公正和人际公正相比，职业压力与分配不公的感知更为密切相关。医生比其他工作人员感知到的分配公正程度明显较低。在调整后的单变量逻辑回归模型中，组织公正的感知与因背痛而请病假的风险显著降低（OR 0.96；95%CI 0.94−0.99；p < 0.001）有关，而职业压力与请病假的风险增加有关（OR 6.73；95%CI 2.02−22.40；p < 0.002）。工作组织方式是医院员工职业压力、身心健康的一个强有力的预测因素。
