Mayura K, Smith E E, Clement B A, Harvey R B, Kubena L F, Phillips T D
Toxicology. 1987 Sep;45(3):245-55. doi: 10.1016/0300-483x(87)90016-3.
Mycotoxins (frequently referred to as secondary metabolites of toxigenic fungi) are commonly found in foodstuffs and are important because of their association with disease. The mycotoxin diacetoxyscirpenol, or 3-hydroxy-4,15-diacetoxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene (DAS), is produced by numerous species of Fusarium and is reportedly toxic to humans and animals. The teratogenic potential of DAS was determined in time-mated ICR mice. DAS (dissolved in a 1:9 mixture of propylene glycol/saline) was administered intraperitoneally to pregnant mice at levels of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 and 6.0 mg/kg body weight in a single dose on one of gestation days 7-11 during the period of organogenesis. Term fetuses were examined for anomalies by routine teratologic procedures. Reabsorption frequency was dose-related and occurred as follows: 100% at 6.0 mg/kg on all gestation days tested; 90-99% at 3.0 mg/kg on days 7-9 and 100% on days 10 and 11; 26-51% at 2.0 mg/kg on days 7-9 and 100% on days 10 and 11; 9-77% at 1.5 mg/kg on days 7-10 and 100% on day 11; 7-34% at 1.0 mg/kg on days 7-11. A significant reduction in mean fetal body weight and a variety of fetal malformations (i.e. external and skeletal) were observed following maternal exposure to DAS. This is the first report to implicate this mycotoxin as a teratogen.
霉菌毒素（常被称为产毒真菌的次生代谢产物）在食品中普遍存在，因其与疾病的关联而备受关注。霉菌毒素双乙酰氧基雪腐镰刀菌烯醇，即3-羟基-4,15-二乙酰氧基-12,13-环氧单端孢霉烯-9-烯（DAS），由多种镰刀菌产生，据报道对人和动物有毒。在同期受孕的ICR小鼠中测定了DAS的致畸潜力。在器官形成期的妊娠第7至11天中的一天，将DAS（溶解于丙二醇/盐水的1:9混合物中）以1.0、1.5、2.0、3.0和6.0毫克/千克体重的剂量单次腹腔注射给怀孕小鼠。通过常规致畸学程序检查足月胎儿是否存在异常。重吸收频率与剂量相关，情况如下：在所有测试的妊娠天数中，6.0毫克/千克时为100%；3.0毫克/千克时，第7至9天为90 - 99%，第10和11天为100%；2.0毫克/千克时，第7至9天为26 - 51%，第10和11天为100%；1.5毫克/千克时，第7至10天为9 - 77%，第11天为100%；1.0毫克/千克时，第7至11天为7 - 34%。母体接触DAS后，观察到平均胎儿体重显著降低以及多种胎儿畸形（即外部和骨骼畸形）。这是首次报道该霉菌毒素具有致畸性。
