Navarro Armando, Rodea Gerardo E, Castelán-Sánchez Hugo G, Saucedo-Pastrana Héctor Armando, Licona-Moreno Delia, Eslava-Campos Carlos, Tirado-Gómez Laura L, Vilchis-Reyes Ariel, García de la Torre Guadalupe, Cruz-Licea Verónica
Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
Bacterial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Hemato-Oncology Research Unit, Federico Gómez Children's Hospital of Mexico/Faculty of Medicine UNAM, Mexico City 06720, Mexico.
Microorganisms. 2022 Oct 9;10(10):1995. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10101995.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a relevant public health problem worldwide, and microbiome bacteria may contribute to the horizontal gene transfer associated with antimicrobial resistance. The microbiome of fecal samples from Mexican adolescents were analyzed and correlated with eating habits, and the presence of AMR genes on bacteria in the microbiome was evaluated. Fecal samples from adolescents were collected and processed to extract genomic DNA. An Illumina HiSeq 1500 system was used to determine resistance genes and the microbiome of adolescents through the amplification of gene resistance and the V3-V4 regions of RNA, respectively. Analysis of the microbiome from fecal samples taken from 18 obese, overweight, and normal-weight adolescents revealed that the Firmicutes was the most frequent phylum, followed by Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. The following species were detected as the most frequent in the samples: , , , and . The presence of , and was used to establish the enterotype; enterotype 1 was more common in women and enterotype 2 was more common in men. Twenty-nine AMR genes were found for β-lactamases, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, macrolide, lincosamides, streptogramin (MLS), tetracyclines and sulfonamides. The presence of microorganisms in fecal samples that harbor AMR genes that work against antimicrobials frequently used for the treatment of microbial infections such as b-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, MLS, and tetracyclines is of great concern, as these organisms may be an important reservoir for horizontal AMR gene transfer.
抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）是一个全球性的公共卫生问题，微生物群细菌可能会促成与抗菌药物耐药性相关的水平基因转移。对墨西哥青少年粪便样本的微生物群进行了分析，并将其与饮食习惯相关联，同时评估了微生物群中细菌上AMR基因的存在情况。收集青少年的粪便样本并进行处理以提取基因组DNA。使用Illumina HiSeq 1500系统分别通过扩增基因抗性和RNA的V3-V4区域来确定青少年的耐药基因和微生物群。对18名肥胖、超重和体重正常的青少年的粪便样本进行微生物群分析，结果显示厚壁菌门是最常见的菌门，其次是拟杆菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门和疣微菌门。在样本中检测到以下物种最为常见： ， ， ， 和 。利用 、 和 的存在来确定肠型；肠型1在女性中更常见，肠型2在男性中更常见。发现了29种针对β-内酰胺酶、氟喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类、大环内酯类、林可酰胺类、链阳霉素（MLS）、四环素类和磺胺类的AMR基因。粪便样本中存在携带对常用于治疗微生物感染（如β-内酰胺类、大环内酯类、氨基糖苷类、MLS和四环素类）抗菌药物有抗性的AMR基因的微生物，这令人高度担忧，因为这些微生物可能是水平AMR基因转移的重要储存库。
