Hussein Bidour K, Ibrahium Omnia M, Alamin Marwa F, Ahmed Lamees A M, Abuswar Safa A E, Abdelraheem Mohammed H, Ibrahim Muntaser E
Unit of Disease and Diversity, Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, Khartoum University, Khartoum P.O Box 102, Sudan.
Microorganisms. 2022 Oct 12;10(10):2017. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10102017.
Pathogens including viruses evolve in tandem with diversity in their animal and human hosts. For , the focus is generally for understanding such coevolution on the virus spike protein, since it demonstrates high mutation rates compared to other genome regions, particularly in the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Viral sequences of the 19B (S) clade and variants of concern from different continents were investigated, with a focus on the A.29 lineage, which presented with different mutational patterns within the 19B (S) lineages in order to learn more about how may have evolved and adapted to widely diverse populations globally. Results indicated that went through evolutionary constrains and intense selective pressure, particularly in Africa. This was manifested in a departure from neutrality with excess nonsynonymous mutations and a negative Tajima D consistent with rapid expansion and directional selection as well as deletion and deletion-frameshifts in the N-terminal domain (NTD region) of the spike protein. In conclusion, we hypothesize that viral transmission during epidemics through populations of diverse genomic structures and marked complexity may be a significant factor for the virus to acquire distinct patterns of mutations within these populations in order to ensure its survival and fitness, explaining the emergence of novel variants and strains.
包括病毒在内的病原体与其动物和人类宿主的多样性同步进化。例如，人们通常聚焦于通过病毒刺突蛋白来理解这种共同进化，因为与其他基因组区域相比，它显示出较高的突变率，尤其是在受体结合域（RBD）。对来自不同大陆的19B（S）分支病毒序列及相关变异株进行了研究，重点关注A.29谱系，该谱系在19B（S）谱系中呈现出不同的突变模式，以便更多地了解病毒可能是如何进化并适应全球广泛多样的人群的。结果表明，病毒经历了进化限制和强烈的选择压力，尤其是在非洲。这表现为偏离中性，出现过多非同义突变，以及与快速扩张和定向选择一致的负Tajima D值，同时刺突蛋白的N端结构域（NTD区域）存在缺失和缺失移码现象。总之，我们推测，在疫情期间，病毒通过具有不同基因组结构和显著复杂性的人群进行传播，可能是病毒在这些人群中获得独特突变模式以确保其生存和适应性的一个重要因素，这解释了新变异株和毒株的出现。
