Student Scientific Club of Clinical Dietetics, Department of the Treatment of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders, and of Clinical Dietetics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 82/84, 60-569 Poznan, Poland.
Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland.
Nutrients. 2022 Oct 14;14(20):4303. doi: 10.3390/nu14204303.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)is one of the most common perinatal pathologies, with a prevalence of 5-20% depending on the population or diagnostic standards. It is diagnosed when glucose intolerance is first detected during pregnancy. In the pathogenesis of GDM, genetic, environmental, and pregnancy-related factors (excessive fat storage and increased adipokine and cytokine secretion) play important roles. A growing amount of scientific data has indicated the role of gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis in the development of glucose intolerance during pregnancy. Previous studies have indicated that, in comparison to healthy pregnant women, GDM individuals have a greater abundance of bacteria belonging to the genera , and and a lower number of bacteria belonging to the genera , and . Recently, many studies have focused on treating GDM with methods targeting GM. Several previous studies have analyzed the effect of probiotics on the course of GDM, but their data are inconclusive. In view of this state, the aim of the study was to collect and comprehensively discuss current knowledge regarding the role of probiotic supplementation in preventing and treating GDM. According to the analyzed data, probiotics have a positive influence on glycemic control and are a promising tool for lowering the frequency of GDM. However, further studies must be conducted to determine the optimal model of probiotic therapy (strain, dose, time of intervention, etc.) in pregnant women with GDM.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是最常见的围产期疾病之一，其患病率在 5-20%之间，具体取决于人群或诊断标准。当在怀孕期间首次发现葡萄糖耐量异常时，即可诊断为 GDM。在 GDM 的发病机制中，遗传、环境和与妊娠相关的因素（过多的脂肪储存以及脂肪因子和细胞因子分泌增加）起着重要作用。越来越多的科学数据表明，肠道微生物群（GM）失调在妊娠期间葡萄糖耐量异常的发展中起作用。先前的研究表明，与健康孕妇相比，GDM 个体中属于 和 属的细菌丰度更高，而属于 和 属的细菌丰度更低。最近，许多研究都集中在通过靶向 GM 的方法来治疗 GDM。几项先前的研究已经分析了益生菌对 GDM 病程的影响，但他们的数据尚无定论。鉴于这种情况，本研究的目的是收集并综合讨论目前关于益生菌补充剂在预防和治疗 GDM 中的作用的知识。根据分析的数据，益生菌对血糖控制有积极影响，是降低 GDM 发生率的有前途的工具。但是，必须进行进一步的研究，以确定 GDM 孕妇益生菌治疗的最佳模式（菌株、剂量、干预时间等）。
