College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Park City Center, China Southwest Geotechnical Investigation and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China.
Front Public Health. 2022 Oct 6;10:1022666. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1022666. eCollection 2022.
Spatial equality of parks is a significant issue in environmental justice studies. In cities with high-density development and limited land resources, this study uses a supply-demand adjusted two-step floating catchment area model (2SFCA), paying attention to residents' subjective preferences and psychological accessibility. It assesses equality of access to urban parks from two dimensions: spatial equality and quantitative equality at a fine scale of 100 × 100 m grid resolution. The spatial equality of urban parks in Chengdu is measured under different transportation modes (walking, cycling, and driving) based on multi-source geospatial big data and machine learning approaches. The results show: (1) There were significant differences in the spatial distribution of park accessibility under different modes of transportation. The spatial distribution under walking was significantly influenced by the park itself, while the distribution of rivers significantly influenced the spatial distribution under cycling and driving; (2) Accessibility to urban parks was almost universally equal in terms of driving, relatively equal in terms of cycling, and seriously unequal in terms of walking; (3) Spatial local autocorrelation analysis shows that park accessibility tended to be significantly clustered, with little spatial variation; and (4) The supply and demand of urban parks were relatively equal. The results can help urban planners to formulate effective strategies to alleviate spatial inequality more reasonably and precisely. The applied research methods can further improve the system of scientific evaluation from a new perspective.
公园空间公平性是环境正义研究中的一个重要问题。在高密度开发和土地资源有限的城市中，本研究采用供需调整的两步浮动集水面积模型（2SFCA），关注居民的主观偏好和心理可达性，从空间公平性和精细尺度（100×100m 网格分辨率）的数量公平性两个维度评估城市公园的可达性公平性。基于多源地理空间大数据和机器学习方法，利用不同的交通模式（步行、骑行和驾驶）来衡量成都市公园的空间公平性。结果表明：（1）在不同交通模式下，公园可达性的空间分布存在显著差异。步行模式下的空间分布受公园自身的显著影响，而骑行和驾驶模式下的空间分布则受到河流的显著影响；（2）驾驶出行的公园可达性几乎是完全公平的，骑行出行的可达性相对公平，而步行出行的可达性则严重不公平；（3）空间局部自相关分析表明，公园可达性具有明显的集聚趋势，空间变化较小；（4）城市公园的供需相对平衡。研究结果有助于城市规划者更合理、更精确地制定缓解空间不公平的有效策略。所应用的研究方法可以从新的角度进一步完善科学评价体系。
