David H L, Rastogi N, Clavel-Sérès S, Clément F, Thorel M F
Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A. 1987 Apr;264(1-2):49-66. doi: 10.1016/s0176-6724(87)80124-4.
In this report the cell wall of Mycobacterium avium is shown as a triple-layered structure where the outermost layer was stained by the ruthenium red staining for polysaccharides. The outermost layer hindered the diffusion of chemotherapeutic agents across the wall thus causing multiple drug-resistance by exclusion. The concerted electron microscopy and chemical analysis of chloroform-methanol and Triton X-100 extracts indicated that the outer layer was made of diverse amphiphil glycolipids (mycosides C, glycolipids, peptidolipids, phospholipids) that formed a matrix in which proteins were embedded. The examination of a spontaneous rough mutant indicated that mutations blocking the synthesis of one or several of the amphiphils must leave unsubstituted mycolic acid residues, thus causing surface hydrophobicity and roughness. Judging from our data, a model describing the overall cell envelope of M. avium was proposed. From the comparative analysis of M. avium, its spontaneous rough mutant, and its spheroplasts, some of the functions of the outermost layer were disclosed.
在本报告中，鸟分枝杆菌的细胞壁呈现为三层结构，其中最外层经钌红染色显示含有多糖。最外层阻碍了化疗药物穿过细胞壁的扩散，从而通过排斥作用导致多重耐药性。对氯仿 - 甲醇和 Triton X - 100 提取物进行的电子显微镜和化学分析表明，外层由多种两亲性糖脂（霉菌酸 C、糖脂、肽脂、磷脂）组成，这些糖脂形成了一个嵌入蛋白质的基质。对一个自发粗糙突变体的检测表明，阻断一种或几种两亲性物质合成的突变必然会留下未被取代的分枝菌酸残基，从而导致表面疏水性和粗糙度。根据我们的数据，提出了一个描述鸟分枝杆菌整体细胞包膜的模型。通过对鸟分枝杆菌、其自发粗糙突变体及其原生质球的比较分析，揭示了最外层的一些功能。
