National Agrarian University La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, La Molina, Lima, Peru.
Public Health Nutr. 2010 Oct;13(10):1488-97. doi: 10.1017/S136898000999214X. Epub 2009 Dec 8.
To adapt a scale to measure perceptions on food insecurity and hunger among households in urban and rural communities in Peru.
Qualitative and quantitative methodology including consultation with regional experts, key informant interviews and focus groups. A field survey trial was conducted in urban and rural communities using an adapted version of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Insecurity and Hunger Module (FIHM).
Five communities in three regions in Peru - Lima (coast), Ayacucho (Andean highlands) and San Martín (Amazon basin).
The qualitative component included forty intentionally selected people (fourteen key informants and twenty-six focus group participants). For the quantitative component 300 households that complied with selection criteria (poor or non-poor with at least one child below 12 years of age) were surveyed.
Qualitative research showed that concern about food availability and access was common among the three regions but its main cause varied across them. Participation in food aid programmes was a strategy to face constraints in food access. Mothers' perceptions on the importance of balanced meals varied across households from different regions. Quantitative results showed robust findings for the reliability of the adapted FIHM's fifteen-item scale (r > 0.863). In addition, descriptive results confirmed parallelism of item responses in the scale for variables such as farm ownership, family size and use of Communal Kitchens.
This mixed-method study allowed us to adapt the USDA module to assess food insecurity in Peru.
为了测量秘鲁城乡社区家庭对食物不安全和饥饿的认知，我们对一个量表进行了改编。
定性和定量方法，包括与区域专家磋商、关键知情人访谈和焦点小组。在城乡社区使用美国农业部（USDA）食物不安全和饥饿模块（FIHM）的改编版本进行了现场调查试验。
秘鲁三个地区的五个社区 - 利马（沿海）、阿亚库乔（安第斯高地）和圣马丁（亚马逊盆地）。
定性部分包括四十名有目的选择的人（十四名关键知情人和二十六名焦点小组参与者）。在定量部分，对符合选择标准的 300 户家庭（贫困或非贫困，且至少有一名 12 岁以下的儿童）进行了调查。
定性研究表明，对三个地区的食物供应和获取的担忧是普遍存在的，但主要原因在不同地区有所不同。参与粮食援助计划是应对食物获取限制的一种策略。母亲对均衡饮食重要性的看法因来自不同地区的家庭而异。定量结果显示，改编后的 FIHM 的十五项量表的可靠性非常可靠（r > 0.863）。此外，描述性结果证实了该量表在农场所有权、家庭规模和使用公共厨房等变量的项目反应平行性。
这项混合方法研究使我们能够改编 USDA 模块来评估秘鲁的食物不安全情况。
