Susanty Aries, Puspitasari Nia Budi, Bakhtiar Arfan, Prasetya Feby
Industrial Engineering Department, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.
Front Psychol. 2022 Oct 11;13:927628. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.927628. eCollection 2022.
This study has several purposes. First, identify indicators contributing to the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that could be affected by the COVID-19. Second, formulate the framework to measure the level of vulnerability of SMEs. Third, assign the SMEs into several clusters. Data used in this research were collected through web-based closed questionnaires and short telephone interviews. This study used Content Validity Analysis, Analytical Hierarchy Process, Multi-Attribute Value Theory approach, -means Clustering Analysis, and Discriminant Analysis for data processing. The data processing results indicated that the 44 valid indicators belonging to ten dimensions could be used to measure the level of vulnerability of SMEs whose performance was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The surveyed SMEs can be segmented into four clusters, namely resilient cluster, low vulnerability cluster, moderate vulnerability cluster, and high vulnerability cluster. Most of the surveyed SMEs belong to the moderate and high vulnerability clusters. The differences between the clusters were based on 16 indicators. These indicators include levels of supplier disruption and the SMEs' market in which the SMEs operate or expect to operate. The results of this study help quantify how the pandemic could generate different levels of impact on each indicator that could depend on the business and what policymakers should consider as they contemplate the scale of the required intervention. Overall, this study contributes to the literature on the effects of the pandemic on SMEs by synthesizing the findings of studies on the impact of COVID-19 on SMEs. The study also determined the framework and the equation for measuring the level of SME vulnerability caused by the pandemic.
本研究有几个目的。第一，识别可能受新冠疫情影响的中小企业（SMEs）绩效的影响指标。第二，制定衡量中小企业脆弱性水平的框架。第三，将中小企业划分为几个集群。本研究使用的数据通过基于网络的封闭式问卷和简短电话访谈收集。本研究采用内容效度分析、层次分析法、多属性价值理论方法、K均值聚类分析和判别分析进行数据处理。数据处理结果表明，属于十个维度的44个有效指标可用于衡量受新冠疫情影响的中小企业的脆弱性水平。被调查的中小企业可分为四个集群，即韧性集群、低脆弱性集群、中度脆弱性集群和高脆弱性集群。大多数被调查的中小企业属于中度和高脆弱性集群。集群之间的差异基于16个指标。这些指标包括供应商中断水平以及中小企业运营或预期运营的市场。本研究的结果有助于量化疫情如何对每个指标产生不同程度的影响，这可能取决于企业情况，以及政策制定者在考虑所需干预规模时应考虑的因素。总体而言，本研究通过综合关于新冠疫情对中小企业影响的研究结果，为有关疫情对中小企业影响的文献做出了贡献。该研究还确定了衡量疫情导致的中小企业脆弱性水平的框架和方程。
