WHO Collaborating Centre for Community Health Services, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, SAR, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
New South Wales Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare - JBI affiliated group, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, 2751, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
BMC Geriatr. 2022 Oct 28;22(1):827. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03460-2.
The World Health Organization (WHO) encourages healthy ageing strategies to help develop and maintain older people's functional abilities in five domains: their ability to meet basic needs; learn, grow, and make decisions; be mobile; build and maintain relationships, and contribute to society. This scoping review reports the available evidence-based interventions that have been undertaken with people ≥ 50 years of age in rural and remote areas and the outcomes of those interventions relevant to enhancing functional ability.
The scoping review was undertaken following the JBI methodology. A literature search was carried out to identify published intervention studies for enhancing functional ability in older people living in rural and remote settings. The databases searched included CINAHL, Scopus, ProQuest Central, PubMed, EBSCOHost, APA PsycInfo, Carin.info, and the European Network for Rural Development Projects and Practice database. Gray literature sources included government reports, websites, policy papers, online newsletters, and studies from a bibliographic hand search of included studies.
Literature published from January 2010 to March 9, 2021 were included for review. A total of 67 studies were identified, including quasi-experimental studies (n = 44), randomized controlled trials (n = 22), and a descriptive study. Five main types of interventions were conducted in rural and remote areas with older people: Community Services, Education and Training, Exercise and Physical Activity, Health Promotion Programmes, and Telehealth. Health Promotion Programmes (n = 28, 41.8%) were the most frequently reported interventions. These focused primarily on improving the ability to meet basic needs. About half (n = 35, 52.2%) of the included studies were linked to the ability to learn, grow, and make decisions, and 40% of studies (n = 27) were relevant to the ability to be mobile. Only a very limited number of intervention studies were geared towards outcomes such as maintaining relationships (n = 6) and contributing to society (n = 3).
Interventions for enhancing functional ability focused primarily on the ability to meet basic needs. We identified the need for health-related interventions in rural and remote areas to consider all five functional ability domains as outcomes, particularly to strengthen the psychosocial wellbeing of older people and enhance their sense of purpose through their contributions to society.
世界卫生组织（WHO）鼓励采取健康老龄化策略，以帮助发展和维持老年人在五个领域的功能能力：满足基本需求的能力；学习、成长和决策的能力；行动的能力；建立和维持关系的能力，以及为社会做贡献的能力。本范围综述报告了在农村和偏远地区对 50 岁及以上人群进行的、具有循证基础的干预措施，以及这些干预措施对增强功能能力的结果。
本范围综述遵循 JBI 方法进行。进行了文献检索，以确定发表的关于增强农村和偏远地区老年人功能能力的干预研究。检索的数据库包括 CINAHL、Scopus、ProQuest Central、PubMed、EBSCOHost、APA PsycInfo、Carin.info 和欧洲农村发展项目和实践数据库。灰色文献来源包括政府报告、网站、政策文件、在线通讯以及对纳入研究的文献进行书目手检的研究。
纳入综述的文献发表于 2010 年 1 月至 2021 年 3 月 9 日。共确定了 67 项研究，包括准实验研究（n=44）、随机对照试验（n=22）和描述性研究。在农村和偏远地区对老年人进行了五种主要类型的干预：社区服务、教育和培训、锻炼和体育活动、健康促进计划和远程医疗。健康促进计划（n=28，41.8%）是报告最多的干预措施。这些干预措施主要侧重于提高满足基本需求的能力。约一半（n=35，52.2%）的纳入研究与学习、成长和决策能力有关，40%的研究（n=27）与行动能力有关。只有极少数干预研究针对建立关系（n=6）和为社会做贡献（n=3）等结果。
增强功能能力的干预措施主要侧重于满足基本需求的能力。我们发现，农村和偏远地区的健康相关干预措施需要考虑所有五个功能能力领域作为结果，特别是通过他们对社会的贡献，增强老年人的心理社会健康和赋予他们的使命感。
