Koontz Alison, Urrutia Hugo A, Bronner Marianne E
Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125.
Nat Sci (Weinh). 2022 Jul;2(3). doi: 10.1002/ntls.20210037. Epub 2022 May 25.
The origin of the neurons and glia in the olfactory system of vertebrates has been controversial, with different cell types attributed to being of ectodermal placode versus neural crest lineage, depending upon the species. Here, we use replication incompetent avian (RIA) retroviruses to perform prospective cell lineage analysis of either presumptive olfactory placode or neural crest cells during early development of the chick embryo. Surprisingly, the results reveal a dual contribution from both the olfactory placode and neural crest cells to sensory neurons in the nose and Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) neurons migrating to the olfactory bulb. We also confirm that olfactory ensheathing glia are solely derived from the neural crest. Finally, our results show that neural crest cells and olfactory placode cells contribute to p63 positive cells, likely to be basal stem cells of the olfactory epithelium. Taken together, these finding provide evidence for previously unknown contributions of neural crest cells to some cell types in the chick olfactory system and help resolve previous discrepancies in the literature.
脊椎动物嗅觉系统中神经元和神经胶质细胞的起源一直存在争议，根据物种不同，不同的细胞类型被认为来源于外胚层基板或神经嵴谱系。在这里，我们使用无复制能力的禽源逆转录病毒，对鸡胚早期发育过程中假定的嗅觉基板或神经嵴细胞进行前瞻性细胞谱系分析。令人惊讶的是，结果显示嗅觉基板和神经嵴细胞对鼻腔中的感觉神经元以及迁移至嗅球的促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）神经元都有双重贡献。我们还证实嗅鞘胶质细胞仅来源于神经嵴。最后，我们的结果表明神经嵴细胞和嗅觉基板细胞对p63阳性细胞有贡献，这些细胞可能是嗅觉上皮的基底干细胞。综上所述，这些发现为神经嵴细胞对鸡嗅觉系统中某些细胞类型的此前未知贡献提供了证据，并有助于解决文献中先前存在的差异。
