克罗地亚戊型肝炎病毒流行病学研究进展。
Insights into hepatitis E virus epidemiology in Croatia.
机构信息
Department of Environmental Health, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
Department of Radiology, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
出版信息
World J Gastroenterol. 2022 Oct 7;28(37):5494-5505. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i37.5494.
BACKGROUND
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging virus of global health concern. The seroprevalence rates differ greatly according to geographic region and population group.
AIM
To analyze the seroprevalence of HEV in exposed (animal-related professions) and nonexposed populations, as well as solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients.
METHODS
Forestry workers ( = 93), hunters ( = 74), and veterinarians ( = 151) represented the exposed population. The general population ( = 126) and pregnant women ( = 118) constituted the control group. Transplant patients included liver transplant recipients (LTRs) ( = 83), kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) ( = 43), and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (HSCRs) ( = 39). HEV immunoglobulin G antibodies were detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed by the immunoblot test.
RESULTS
The HEV seroprevalence significantly differed between groups: Veterinarians 15.2%, hunters 14.9%, forestry workers 6.5%, general population 7.1%, and pregnant women 1.7%. In transplant patients, the seropositivity was highest in LTRs (19.3%), while in KTRs and HSCRs, the seroprevalence was similar to the general population (6.9% and 5.1%, respectively). A significant increase in seropositivity with age was observed from 2.9% in individuals less than 30 years to 23.5% in those older than 60 years. Sociodemographic characteristics (sex, educational level, area of residence, and number of household members), eating habits (game meat, offal, and pork products consumption), and environmental and housing conditions (drinking water supply, type of water drainage/sewer, waste disposal, domestic animals) were not associated with HEV seropositivity. However, individuals who reported a pet ownership were more often seropositive compared to those who did not have pet animals (12.5% 7.0%).
CONCLUSION
The results of this study showed that individuals in professional contact with animals and LTRs are at higher risk for HEV infection. In addition, age is a significant risk factor for HEV seropositivity.
背景
戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）是一种具有全球健康意义的新兴病毒。根据地理位置和人群的不同，其血清流行率有很大差异。
目的
分析接触（与动物相关的职业）和非接触人群以及实体器官和造血干细胞移植患者的 HEV 血清流行率。
方法
林业工人（=93）、猎人（=74）和兽医（=151）代表接触人群。普通人群（=126）和孕妇（=118）为对照组。移植患者包括肝移植受者（LTRs）（=83）、肾移植受者（KTRs）（=43）和造血干细胞移植受者（HSCRs）（=39）。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测 HEV 免疫球蛋白 G 抗体，并通过免疫印迹试验进行确认。
结果
各组的 HEV 血清流行率有显著差异：兽医 15.2%、猎人 14.9%、林业工人 6.5%、普通人群 7.1%和孕妇 1.7%。在移植患者中，LTRs 的血清阳性率最高（19.3%），而 KTRs 和 HSCRs 的血清流行率与普通人群相似（分别为 6.9%和 5.1%）。随着年龄的增长，血清阳性率从 30 岁以下人群的 2.9%显著上升至 60 岁以上人群的 23.5%。社会人口统计学特征（性别、教育水平、居住地区和家庭成员数量）、饮食习惯（野味、动物内脏和猪肉制品的消费）和环境与住房条件（饮用水供应、排水/污水类型、废物处理、家养动物）与 HEV 血清阳性率无关。然而，与没有宠物的人相比，报告拥有宠物的人更常呈血清阳性（12.5% > 7.0%）。
结论
本研究结果表明，与动物有职业接触的人和 LTRs 更易感染 HEV。此外，年龄是 HEV 血清阳性的一个重要危险因素。
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