CHRU de Tours, Service de Médecine Interne & Maladies Infectieuses, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours Cedex 9, France.
J Clin Virol. 2013 Nov;58(3):504-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.08.030. Epub 2013 Sep 12.
In industrial countries genotypes 3 and 4 of HEV are detected in swine, wild boar, deer and rabbits, and they are associated with autochthonous infections suggesting the existence of zoonotic HEV infections, compatible with the putative involvement of undercooked pork and big game products as a source of infection.
To evaluate the prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies in different population groups in contact with animals and to investigate risk factors for HEV infection.
Serum samples were collected from 859 healthy French subjects, including pig farm workers, forestry workers and individuals without working contact with animals (control group). In addition, 58 swine veterinarians were included in the study. Subjects were interviewed using a structured questionnaire, and anti-HEV antibodies were investigated using a sensitive and specific sandwich ELISA.
Anti-Hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibodies were detected in 26% of control population, and in 36% and 44% of forestry and pig farm workers, respectively. In addition, an increase in seroprevalence from the north to the south of France was observed (30.2% versus 40.7%). Consumption of pork liver sausage (AOR 4.4, p < 10(-4)), occupational contact with animals (AOR 1.58, p = 0.038 for forestry workers and AOR 2.51, p < 10(-4) for pig farm workers), and living in southern France (AOR 1.47, p = 0.02), were independent risk factors. Wearing working gloves and boots might reduce HEV infection.
Occupational exposure to animals and consuming raw or undercooked pork liver sausage or pork liver play a significant role in HEV transmission in industrial countries.
在工业国家，猪、野猪、鹿和兔子中检测到 HEV 基因型 3 和 4，它们与地方感染有关，提示存在人畜共患的 HEV 感染，这与未煮熟的猪肉和大型猎物产品作为感染源的假设是一致的。
评估不同接触动物人群中抗 HEV 抗体的流行情况，并研究 HEV 感染的危险因素。
从 859 名法国健康受试者（包括养猪场工人、林业工人和无动物接触的个体（对照组））中采集血清样本。此外，还纳入了 58 名猪兽医。通过问卷调查对受试者进行访谈，并采用敏感特异的夹心 ELISA 法检测抗 HEV 抗体。
对照组人群中抗戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）抗体的检出率为 26%，而林业工人和养猪场工人的检出率分别为 36%和 44%。此外，还观察到法国从北到南的血清阳性率增加（30.2%比 40.7%）。食用猪肝香肠（优势比 4.4，p < 10(-4)）、与动物职业接触（林业工人优势比 1.58，p = 0.038，养猪场工人优势比 2.51，p < 10(-4)）和居住在法国南部（优势比 1.47，p = 0.02）是独立的危险因素。戴工作手套和靴子可能会降低 HEV 感染的风险。
在工业国家，职业性接触动物以及食用生的或未煮熟的猪肝香肠或猪肝是 HEV 传播的重要因素。
