Bahir Mohammed, El Mountassir Otman, Dhiba Driss, Chehbouni Abdelghani, Carreira Paula M, Elbiar Hakam
High Energy and Astrophysics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 2390, 40000 Marrakesh, Morocco.
Office Chérifien des Phosphates (OCP), Ben Guerir, Morocco.
SN Appl Sci. 2022;4(11):317. doi: 10.1007/s42452-022-05165-y. Epub 2022 Oct 23.
Groundwater is an important water resource in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, this study aimed to assess groundwater's suitability for drinking and irrigation using the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI). To this end, groundwater data were collected from 58 sites in 2019 (wet season) and 61 samples in 2020 (dry season) in the Meskala-Ouazzi sub-basin. The Piper diagram showed that Ca-Mg-Cl was the dominant groundwater facies type. The confinement due to COVID-19 has significantly improved the water quality of the Meskala-Ouazzi sub-basin. Instead, approximately 50% of sites showed improved water quality when calculating the WQI and IWQI. However, the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) showed that most samples below 10 are found in all of the examined samples, which are mostly found, indicating excellent irrigation water, and the Wilcox diagram depicted 20.14% of samples lying in the unsuitable region. Stable isotopes (δO and δH) of groundwater reveal that local precipitation is the main source of recharge. However, groundwater recharge is affected by the evaporation process due to the different geological conditions caused by topographic differences in the study area. The present study is useful for proper planning and managing water resources available for consumption and irrigation.
地下水是干旱和半干旱地区的重要水资源。因此，本研究旨在利用水质指数（WQI）和灌溉水质指数（IWQI）评估地下水用于饮用和灌溉的适宜性。为此，于2019年（雨季）从梅斯卡拉 - 瓦齐子流域的58个地点收集了地下水数据，并于2020年（旱季）收集了61个样本。派珀图显示，钙 - 镁 - 氯是主要的地下水流相类型。由于新冠疫情导致的限制显著改善了梅斯卡拉 - 瓦齐子流域的水质。相反，在计算WQI和IWQI时，约50%的地点水质有所改善。然而，钠吸附率（SAR）表明，在所有检测样本中，大部分样本的SAR低于10，这表明灌溉用水极佳，而威尔科克斯图显示20.14%的样本处于不适宜区域。地下水的稳定同位素（δO和δH）表明，当地降水是主要的补给源。然而，由于研究区域地形差异导致的不同地质条件，地下水补给受到蒸发过程的影响。本研究有助于合理规划和管理可供消费和灌溉的水资源。
