Fenton reaction-based chemodynamic therapy (CDT), which applies metal ions to convert less active hydrogen peroxide (HO) into more harmful hydroxyl peroxide (·OH) for tumor treatment, has attracted increasing interest recently. However, the CDT is substantially hindered by glutathione (GSH) scavenging effect on ·OH, low intracellular HO level, and low reaction rate, resulting in unsatisfactory efficacy. Here, a cancer cell membrane (CM)-camouflaged Au nanorod core/mesoporous MnO shell yolk-shell nanocatalyst embedded with glucose oxidase (GOD) and Dox (denoted as AMGDC) is constructed for synergistic triple-augmented CDT and chemotherapy of tumor under MRI/PAI guidance. Benefiting from the homologous adhesion and immune escaping property of the cancer CM, the nanocatalysts can target tumor and gradually accumulate in tumor site. For triple-augmented CDT, first, the MnO shell reacts with intratumoral GSH to generate Mn and glutathione disulfide, which achieves Fenton-like ion delivery and weakening of GSH-mediated scavenging effect, leading to GSH depletion-enhanced CDT. Second, the intratumoral glucose can be oxidized to HO and gluconic acid by GOD, achieving supplementary HO-enhanced CDT. Next, the AuNRs absorbing in NIR-II elevate the local tumor temperature upon NIR-II laser irradiation, achieving photothermal-enhanced CDT. Dox is rapidly released for adjuvant chemotherapy due to responsive degradation of MnO shell. Moreover, GSH-activated PAI/MRI can be used to monitor CDT process. This study provides a great paradigm for enhancing CDT-mediated antitumor efficacy.